凋亡小体（AB）是细胞凋亡过程中释放的细胞外囊泡，具有多种生物学活性。最初，ABs被视为垃圾袋，其主要功能是清除凋亡细胞。最近的研究发现，ABs携带和传递各种生物制剂，并被周围和远处的细胞吸收，影响细胞的功能和行为。 ABs介导的细胞间通讯参与多种生理过程，包括抗炎和组织再生，以及多种疾病的发病机制，包括癌症、心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病和炎症性疾病。生物体液中的AB可作为改变细胞和组织状态的窗口，可应用于各种疾病的诊断和预后。 AB 的结构和成分多功能性为根据疾病诊断和治疗需求定制 AB 提供了灵活性。为了有效定制AB，包括生物膜和货物成分的修饰，必须深入了解AB的成分和生物功能。 AB 的定制方法（包括物理、化学、生物和遗传学）已被提议用于疾病诊断、预后和治疗中的实验室转化。这篇综述总结了 AB 定制方法的更新，讨论了现有的挑战，并推测了有效诊断和治疗应用的前景。© 2024。作者。

Apoptotic bodies (ABs) are extracellular vesicles released during apoptosis and possess diverse biological activities. Initially, ABs were regarded as garbage bags with the main function of apoptotic cell clearance. Recent research has found that ABs carry and deliver various biological agents and are taken by surrounding and distant cells, affecting cell functions and behavior. ABs-mediated intercellular communications are involved in various physiological processes including anti-inflammation and tissue regeneration as well as the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, and inflammatory diseases. ABs in biological fluids can be used as a window of altered cellular and tissue states which can be applied in the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases. The structural and constituent versatility of ABs provides flexibility for tailoring ABs according to disease diagnostic and therapeutic needs. An in-depth understanding of ABs' constituents and biological functions is mandatory for the effective tailoring of ABs including modification of bio membrane and cargo constituents. ABs' tailoring approaches including physical, chemical, biological, and genetic have been proposed for bench-to-bed translation in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. This review summarizes the updates on ABs tailoring approaches, discusses the existing challenges, and speculates the prospects for effective diagnostic and therapeutic applications.© 2024. The Author(s).