循环肿瘤细胞：从新的生物学见解到临床实践
Circulating tumor cells: from new biological insights to clinical practice
影响因子:52.70000
分区:医学1区 Top / 生化与分子生物学1区 细胞生物学1区
发表日期:2024 Sep 02
作者:
Xuyu Gu, Shiyou Wei, Xin Lv
摘要
癌症患者死亡率高死亡率的主要原因是转移，肿瘤细胞从原始部位迁移到人体其他部位。技术的最新进步显着增强了我们对循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）血源传播背后机制的理解。一个关键过程，DNA甲基化，调节基因表达和染色体稳定性，从而保持体内动态平衡。全球低甲基化和基因座特异性高甲基化是DNA甲基化模式变化的例子，这些模式与致癌作用关键。这项综合审查首先概述了有助于CTC形成的各种过程，包括上皮 - 间质转变（EMT），免疫监测和殖民化。然后，我们对CTC中DNA甲基化的修饰如何影响CTC传播过程中的每个临界阶段中的每个阶段都进行了深入分析。此外，我们探讨了CTC中DNA甲基化变化的潜在临床意义。通过理解这些表观遗传学修饰，我们可以了解转移过程，并确定新的生物标志物，以进行早期检测，预后和靶向疗法。这篇综述旨在弥合基础研究和临床应用之间的差距，从而在癌症转移的背景下强调DNA甲基化的重要性，并为改善患者结局提供新的途径。
Abstract
The primary reason for high mortality rates among cancer patients is metastasis, where tumor cells migrate through the bloodstream from the original site to other parts of the body. Recent advancements in technology have significantly enhanced our comprehension of the mechanisms behind the bloodborne spread of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). One critical process, DNA methylation, regulates gene expression and chromosome stability, thus maintaining dynamic equilibrium in the body. Global hypomethylation and locus-specific hypermethylation are examples of changes in DNA methylation patterns that are pivotal to carcinogenesis. This comprehensive review first provides an overview of the various processes that contribute to the formation of CTCs, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), immune surveillance, and colonization. We then conduct an in-depth analysis of how modifications in DNA methylation within CTCs impact each of these critical stages during CTC dissemination. Furthermore, we explored potential clinical implications of changes in DNA methylation in CTCs for patients with cancer. By understanding these epigenetic modifications, we can gain insights into the metastatic process and identify new biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and targeted therapies. This review aims to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical application, highlighting the significance of DNA methylation in the context of cancer metastasis and offering new avenues for improving patient outcomes.