脂肪组织（AT）作为能量电容器官，通过细胞外囊泡（EV）分泌执行涉及旁分泌和内分泌介导的调节的功能。外泌体是 EV 的一种亚型，含有多种具有调节作用的生物活性分子，如核酸、蛋白质和脂质。 AT衍生的外泌体（AT-exos）包括源自AT中各种细胞的外泌体，包括脂肪细胞、脂肪源性干细胞（ADSC）、巨噬细胞和内皮细胞。本综述旨在综合评估不同AT-exos对生理和病理过程调节的影响。同时比较了脂肪细胞来源的外泌体和ADSC来源的外泌体的含量和功能，突出了它们的异同。 AT-exos 的内容物已被证明对局部炎症、肿瘤动力学和胰岛素抵抗发挥复杂的调节作用。值得注意的是，在糖尿病患者、肥胖个体和健康个体中观察到 AT-exos 的货物存在差异。这些差异可用于预测糖尿病的发展，并作为改善胰岛素敏感性和葡萄糖耐量的治疗目标。然而，还需要进一步的研究来阐明 AT-exos 的潜在机制和潜在应用。版权所有 © 2024 Wang、Li、Zhou 和 Tan。

Adipose tissue (AT) serves as an energy-capacitive organ and performs functions involving paracrine- and endocrine-mediated regulation via extracellular vesicles (EVs) secretion. Exosomes, a subtype of EVs, contain various bioactive molecules with regulatory effects, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. AT-derived exosomes (AT-exos) include exosomes derived from various cells in AT, including adipocytes, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), macrophages, and endothelial cells. This review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the impacts of different AT-exos on the regulation of physiological and pathological processes. The contents and functions of adipocyte-derived exosomes and ADSC-derived exosomes are compared simultaneously, highlighting their similarities and differences. The contents of AT-exos have been shown to exert complex regulatory effects on local inflammation, tumor dynamics, and insulin resistance. Significantly, differences in the cargoes of AT-exos have been observed among diabetes patients, obese individuals, and healthy individuals. These differences could be used to predict the development of diabetes mellitus and as therapeutic targets for improving insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. However, further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and potential applications of AT-exos.Copyright © 2024 Wang, Li, Zhou and Tan.