源自脂肪组织的外泌体及其对炎症，肿瘤和糖尿病的调节
Contents of exosomes derived from adipose tissue and their regulation on inflammation, tumors, and diabetes
影响因子:4.60000
分区:医学3区 / 内分泌学与代谢3区
发表日期:2024
作者:
Yanwen Wang, Qingfeng Li, Shuangbai Zhou, Pohching Tan
摘要
脂肪组织（AT）用作能量钙化器官，并通过细胞外囊泡（EVS）分泌执行涉及旁分泌和内分泌介导的调节的功能。外泌体是电动汽车的亚型，含有各种具有调节作用的生物活性分子，例如核酸，蛋白质和脂质。 AT衍生的外泌体（AT-EXOS）包括源自AT的各种细胞的外泌体，包括脂肪细胞，脂肪衍生的干细胞（ADSC），巨噬细胞和内皮细胞。这篇综述旨在全面评估不同AT-EXO对生理和病理过程调节的影响。同时比较了脂肪细胞衍生的外泌体和ADSC衍生的外泌体的内容和功能，突出了它们的相似性和差异。 AT-EXO的内容已显示出对局部炎症，肿瘤动力学和胰岛素抵抗的复杂调节作用。值得注意的是，在糖尿病患者，肥胖个体和健康个体中，已经观察到AT-EXOS货物的差异。这些差异可用于预测糖尿病的发展，并作为提高胰岛素敏感性和葡萄糖耐受性的治疗靶标。但是，需要进一步的研究来阐明AT-EXOS的潜在机制和潜在应用。
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) serves as an energy-capacitive organ and performs functions involving paracrine- and endocrine-mediated regulation via extracellular vesicles (EVs) secretion. Exosomes, a subtype of EVs, contain various bioactive molecules with regulatory effects, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. AT-derived exosomes (AT-exos) include exosomes derived from various cells in AT, including adipocytes, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), macrophages, and endothelial cells. This review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the impacts of different AT-exos on the regulation of physiological and pathological processes. The contents and functions of adipocyte-derived exosomes and ADSC-derived exosomes are compared simultaneously, highlighting their similarities and differences. The contents of AT-exos have been shown to exert complex regulatory effects on local inflammation, tumor dynamics, and insulin resistance. Significantly, differences in the cargoes of AT-exos have been observed among diabetes patients, obese individuals, and healthy individuals. These differences could be used to predict the development of diabetes mellitus and as therapeutic targets for improving insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. However, further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and potential applications of AT-exos.