脂肪组织来源的外泌体内容及其在炎症、肿瘤和糖尿病中的调控作用
Contents of exosomes derived from adipose tissue and their regulation on inflammation, tumors, and diabetes
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影响因子:4.6
分区:医学3区 / 内分泌学与代谢3区
发表日期:2024
作者:
Yanwen Wang, Qingfeng Li, Shuangbai Zhou, Pohching Tan
DOI:
10.3389/fendo.2024.1374715
摘要
脂肪组织（AT）作为一种能量储存器官，具有旁分泌和内分泌调节功能，主要通过分泌细胞外囊泡（EVs）实现。外泌体（exosomes）为EVs的一种亚型，含有多种具有调控作用的生物活性分子，如核酸、蛋白质和脂质。脂肪组织衍生的外泌体（AT-exos）包括来自脂肪细胞、脂肪源性干细胞（ADSCs）、巨噬细胞和内皮细胞的外泌体。本综述旨在全面评价不同AT-exos对生理和病理过程调控的影响。比较脂肪细胞来源的外泌体与ADSC来源的外泌体的内容及功能，突出其相似性与差异性。研究发现，AT-exos的内容对局部炎症、肿瘤动态和胰岛素抵抗具有复杂的调控作用。值得注意的是，不同糖尿病患者、肥胖者与健康人群的AT-exos的载荷存在差异，这些差异有助于预测糖尿病的发生发展，也为改善胰岛素敏感性和葡萄糖耐受提供潜在治疗靶点。未来仍需深入研究其底层机制及潜在应用价值。
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) serves as an energy-capacitive organ and performs functions involving paracrine- and endocrine-mediated regulation via extracellular vesicles (EVs) secretion. Exosomes, a subtype of EVs, contain various bioactive molecules with regulatory effects, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. AT-derived exosomes (AT-exos) include exosomes derived from various cells in AT, including adipocytes, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), macrophages, and endothelial cells. This review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the impacts of different AT-exos on the regulation of physiological and pathological processes. The contents and functions of adipocyte-derived exosomes and ADSC-derived exosomes are compared simultaneously, highlighting their similarities and differences. The contents of AT-exos have been shown to exert complex regulatory effects on local inflammation, tumor dynamics, and insulin resistance. Significantly, differences in the cargoes of AT-exos have been observed among diabetes patients, obese individuals, and healthy individuals. These differences could be used to predict the development of diabetes mellitus and as therapeutic targets for improving insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. However, further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and potential applications of AT-exos.