程序性细胞死亡 1 (PD-1) 阻断可提高晚期食管鳞状细胞癌 (ESCC) 患者的生存率。然而，紫杉烷类药物在晚期 ESCC 患者中暴露于 PD-1 阻断后的疗效仍不清楚。我们回顾性分析了接受/未暴露于 PD-1 阻断的紫杉烷类药物（紫杉醇或多西他赛）治疗的晚期 ESCC 患者的临床结果。 2016 年 6 月至 2020 年 12 月在国立癌症中心医院接受治疗的暴露/Naïve 组）。纳入了 99 名患者（暴露组，n = 32；Naïve 组，n = 67）。 Excess 组的客观缓解率 (ORR) 显着高于 Naïve 组（37.5% vs. 13.4%，p = 0.009）。暴露组和初始组的中位无进展生存期相似（3.8 个月与 2.8 个月，HR 1.12，95% CI 0.65-1.86，p = 0.66）。在多变量分析中，PD-1 阻断暴露独立预测紫杉烷类药物的 ORR 较高。暴露组和初治组之间的  ≥ 3 级不良事件相当（45.8% vs. 40.3%，p= 0.64）。与先前未使用 PD-1 的紫杉烷相比，晚期 ESCC 中 PD-1 阻断后的紫杉烷显示出更高的 ORR，但 PFS 相似暴露。© 2024。作者获得日本食管协会独家许可。

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockade improves survival in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the efficacy of taxanes after exposure to PD-1 blockade remains unclear in patients with advanced ESCC.We retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcomes of advanced ESCC patients treated with taxanes (paclitaxel or docetaxel) with/without prior exposure to PD-1 blockade (Exposed /Naïve group) at National Cancer Center Hospital from June 2016 to December 2020.Ninety-nine patients (Exposed group, n = 32; Naïve group, n = 67) were included. The objective response rate (ORR) of the Exposed group was significantly higher than that of the Naïve group (37.5% vs. 13.4%, p = 0.009). The median progression-free survival was similar between the Exposed and Naïve groups (3.8 vs. 2.8 months, HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.65-1.86, p = 0.66). PD-1 blockade exposure independently predicated higher ORR to taxanes in multivariate analysis. Grade ≥ 3 adverse events were comparable between the Exposed and Naïve groups (45.8% vs. 40.3%, p = 0.64).Taxanes following PD-1 blockade in advanced ESCC showed a higher ORR but similar PFS compared to taxanes without prior PD-1 exposure.© 2024. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Japan Esophageal Society.