虽然指南建议将免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）再激发作为不可切除的肝细胞癌（HCC）的二线治疗，但支持这一点的数据仍然有限，特别是关于一线和二线治疗的标准方案。 Tremelimumab/durvalumab 最近获得批准，但缺乏 ICI 再挑战的数据。本研究的目的是评估 tremelimumab/durvalumab 作为阿特珠单抗/贝伐单抗初始 ICI 治疗后的 ICI 再挑战对 HCC 的早期疗效和安全性。这项多中心回顾性研究包括接受 tremelimumab/durvalumab 治疗的 HCC 患者，并提供相关的可用临床信息。我们评估了使用 atezolizumab/贝伐珠单抗初始治疗后，tremelimumab/durvalumab 作为 ICI 再次挑战的安全性和有效性。我们分析了接受 tremelimumab/durvalumab 作为 ICI 再挑战的患者和接受 tremelimumab/durvalumab 作为初始 ICI 治疗的患者的结果 结果：总共纳入了 45 名接受 tremelimumab/durvalumab 治疗的患者，其中 55.6% (25/45)正在进行 ICI 重新挑战。接受 ICI 再挑战的患者的客观缓解率和疾病控制率分别为 14.3% (3/21) 和 47.6% (10/21)，与最初接受 tremelimumab/durvalumab 治疗的患者相似。所有在初始阿替利珠单抗/贝伐珠单抗治疗中对进展性疾病 (PD) 产生最佳反应的患者 (n = 3) 在 ICI 再次挑战期间都经历了 PD。在 ICI 再挑战和初始 ICI 治疗中接受 tremelimumab/durvalumab 治疗的患者组之间的不良事件发生率相似。在使用 atezolizumab/bevacizumab 发生免疫相关不良事件 (irAE) 的患者中，75% (3/4) 在 ICI 再次挑战期间遇到类似的 irAE。durvalumab/tremelimumab 作为 ICI 再次挑战的早期安全性和疗效状况令人满意。© 2024。作者(s)，获得 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 的独家许可。

While guidelines recommend immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) rechallenge as second-line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), data supporting this remain limited, particularly regarding a standard regimen for first- and second-line treatments. Tremelimumab/durvalumab was recently approved but data on ICI rechallenge are lacking.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the early efficacy and safety of tremelimumab/durvalumab for HCC as an ICI rechallenge following initial ICI therapy with atezolizumab/bevacizumab.This multicenter retrospective study included patients with HCC who underwent treatment with tremelimumab/durvalumab, with relevant available clinical information. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of tremelimumab/durvalumab as ICI rechallenge following initial treatment with atezolizumab/bevacizumab. We analyzed the outcomes in patients who underwent tremelimumab/durvalumab as an ICI rechallenge and those who received tremelimumab/durvalumab as their initial ICI therapy RESULT: A total of 45 patients treated with tremelimumab/durvalumab were included, with 55.6% (25/45) undergoing ICI rechallenge. The objective-response and disease-control rates in patients who underwent ICI rechallenge were 14.3% (3/21) and 47.6% (10/21), respectively, similar to those in patients initially treated with tremelimumab/durvalumab. All patients (n = 3) who experienced the best response to progressive disease (PD) with initial atezolizumab/bevacizumab experienced PD during ICI rechallenge. The incidence rates of adverse events were similar between patient groups treated with tremelimumab/durvalumab as ICI rechallenge and initial ICI. Among patients experiencing immune-related adverse events (irAEs) with atezolizumab/bevacizumab, 75% (3/4) encountered similar irAEs during ICI rechallenge.Early safety and efficacy profiles of durvalumab/tremelimumab as ICI rechallenge are satisfactory.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.