由于近年来全球发生的变化，数百万人面临着具有挑战性甚至危及生命的疾病，例如癌症和 COVID-19 大流行等。这种现象促使研究人员开发和实施创新和环境友好的科学方法，将具有巨大技术潜力的学科（例如纳米技术与药用植物）融合起来。因此，本研究的重点是使用在正己烷和甲醇中制备的药用植物 I. oculus christi 的提取物作为新型生物还原剂和封端剂，通过简单的方法合成锌纳米粒子（ZnO-NPs）和微花（ZnO-MFs）。和环境友好的化学方法。使用紫外可见 (UV-Vis) 光谱、傅里叶变换红外 (FT-IR) 光谱、热重分析 (TGA) 和场发射扫描电子对 ZnO-NP 和 ZnO-MF 进行光学、热和形态结构分析显微镜（FE-SEM）。使用气相色谱-质谱法 (GC-MS) 分析不同植物部分提取物的代谢概况，并通过主成分分析 (PCA)、层次聚类分析热图和皮尔逊相关图进行内容可视化支持。有趣的是，与标准抗生素相比，ZnO-NP 和 ZnO-MF 表现出很强的抗氧化特性，并且对藤黄微球菌 NRRL B-4375、大肠杆菌 ATCC 25922 和白色念珠菌 ATCC 10231 菌株表现出特别有效的抗菌活性。此外，随着剂量的增加，ZnO-NPs 和 ZnO-MFs 显示出优异的 pBR322 质粒 DNA 切割活性。合成的 ZnO-NPs 和 ZnO-MFs 对亚甲基蓝 (MB)、刚果红 (CR) 和番红-O (SO) 染料的光催化性能进行了评估，显示出显着的脱色效率。总体而言，这些结果为使用 I. oculus-christi L. 花序和冠毛提取物绿色合成 ZnO-NP 和 ZnO-MF 提供了一条有前途的途径，可能会彻底改变这些领域的生物制药和催化应用。© 2024。 ），获得 Springer-Verlag GmbH 德国（Springer Nature 旗下公司）的独家许可。

As a result of the changes occurring globally in recent years, millions of people are facing challenging and even life-threatening diseases such as cancer and the COVID-19 pandemic, among others. This phenomenon has spurred researchers towards developing and implementing innovative and environmentally friendly scientific methods, merging disciplines with significant technological potential, such as nanotechnology with medicinal plants. Therefore, the focus of this research is to synthesize zinc nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and microflowers (ZnO-MFs) using extracts of the medicinal plant I. oculus christi prepared in n-hexane and methanol as new bioreduction and capping agents through a simple and environmentally friendly chemical approach. Optical, thermal, and morphological structural analyses of ZnO-NPs and ZnO-MFs were conducted using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). Metabolic profiles of extracts from different plant parts were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and supported by visualization of contents through Principal Component Analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis heatmaps, and Pearson correlation graphs. Interestingly, ZnO-NPs and ZnO-MFs exhibited strong antioxidant properties and demonstrated particularly potent antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus NRRL B-4375, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 strains compared to standard antibiotics. Furthermore, ZnO-NPs and ZnO-MFs showed excellent plasmid DNA-cleavage activity of pBR322 with increasing doses. The photocatalytic performance of the synthesized ZnO-NPs and ZnO-MFs was evaluated for methylene blue (MB), congo red (CR), and safranin-O (SO) dyes, demonstrating remarkable color removal efficiency. Overall, the results provide a promising avenue for the green synthesis of ZnO-NPs and ZnO-MFs using I. oculus-christi L. inflorescence and pappus extracts, potentially revolutionizing biopharmaceutical and catalytic applications in these fields.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.