脑转移 (BM) 是乳腺癌 (BC) 的一种常见且严重的并发症，约占所有 BC 患者的 10%-16%。治疗 BC 患者的 BM 普遍方法包括多模式策略，结合手术、全脑放射治疗和立体定向放射外科。然而，局部治疗策略的具体指南仍然难以捉摸，而小分子靶向治疗和免疫治疗等全身治疗仍处于临床试验阶段。本案例研究展示了一位雌激素受体阴性、孕激素受体阳性、人表皮生长因子受体 2 (HER2) 阳性乳腺癌并发 BM 患者对安罗替尼治疗的显着临床反应。在包括白蛋白结合紫杉醇、曲妥珠单抗和帕妥珠单抗在内的标准一线治疗以及涉及吡咯替尼、卡培他滨和放疗的二线治疗未产生预期结果后，患者随后接受安罗替尼联合吡咯替尼和来曲唑治疗，如下所示：三线治疗，导致部分缓解（PR）。研究结果表明，抗血管生成疗法，特别是安罗替尼，对于患有 BM 的 BC 患者可被视为一种有前景的治疗选择。版权所有 © 2024 张、严、田和吴。

Brain metastases (BM) represent a common and severe complication of breast cancer (BC), emerging in approximately 10%-16% of all BC patients. The prevalent approach for treating BC patients with BM encompasses a multimodal strategy, combining surgery, whole brain radiation therapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery. Yet, a concrete guideline for localized treatment strategies remains elusive, while systemic treatments like small-molecule-targeted therapy and immunotherapy are still in the clinical trial phase. This case study presents a significant clinical response to anlotinib treatment in a patient with estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-positive, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, complicated by BM. After the standard first-line treatment including albumin-bound paclitaxel, trastuzumab and pertuzumab, and a second-line treatment involving pyrotinib, capecitabine, and radiotherapy did not produce the desired results, the patient was then administered anlotinib in combination with pyrotinib and letrozole as a third-line treatment, which led to a partial response (PR). The findings suggest that anti-angiogenic therapy, specifically anlotinib, could be regarded as a promising therapeutic option for BC patients with BM.Copyright © 2024 Zhang, Yan, Tian and Wu.