癌症是一种多方面的疾病，受到内在细胞特征和外在因素的影响，其中肿瘤微环境（TME）在其进展中至关重要。为了满足其高增殖性和攻击性，癌细胞总是掠夺大量的营养并向周围释放各种信号，形成具有特殊代谢、免疫、微生物和物理特性的动态TME。由于忽视肿瘤细胞与TME之间的相互作用，传统的癌症治疗常常面临耐药、疗效低、复发等挑战。重要的是，随着基因编辑技术，特别是CRISPR-Cas系统的发展，为癌症治疗提供了有前景的新策略。与纳米材料策略相结合，CRISPR-Cas技术表现出精确性、经济性和用户友好性，并且副作用减少，这为在基因水平上深刻改变TME提供了巨大的希望，有可能带来持久的抗癌结果。本综述将深入探讨如何利用 CRISPR-Cas 来操纵 TME，检验其作为变革性抗癌疗法的潜力。© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH。

Cancer is a multifaceted disease influenced by both intrinsic cellular traits and extrinsic factors, with the tumor microenvironment (TME) being crucial in its progression. To satisfy their high proliferation and aggressiveness, cancer cell always plunders large amounts of nutrition and releases various signals to the surrounding, forming a dynamic TME with special metabolic, immune, microbial and physical characteristics. Due to the neglect of interactions between tumor cell and TME, traditional cancer therapies often struggle with challenges such as drug resistance, low efficacy, and recurrence. Importantly, with the development of gene editing technologies, particularly the CRISPR-Cas system, offers promising new strategies for cancer treatment. Combined with nanomaterials strategies, CRISPR-Cas technology exhibits precision, affordability, and user-friendliness with reduced side effects, which holds great promise for profoundly altering the TME at a genetic level, potentially leading to lasting anticancer outcomes. This review will delve into how CRISPR-Cas can be leveraged to manipulate the TME, examining its potential as a transformative anticancer therapy.© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.