神经管（NT）是胚胎发生过程中形成的短暂结构，发育成大脑和脊髓。虽然小鼠模型通常用来代替人类胚胎来研究 NT 发育，但物种特异性的差异限制了它们的适用性。一个主要差异是发育时间，人类神经板形成 NT 需要 16 天，而小鼠则需要 4 天，而且形成神经元亚型和完成神经发生所需的时间也存在差异。神经管类器官 (NTO) 代表了体外研究 NT 发育的新方法。虽然小鼠和人类 NTO 已被证明能够概括 NT 形成的主要发育事件；目前尚不清楚物种特异性的发育时间（也称为异时性）是否也被概括。本综述总结了当前使用小鼠和人类 NTO 进行的研究，并比较了发育时间事件，以评估类器官中是否维持了异时性。© 2024。作者。

The neural tube (NT) is a transient structure formed during embryogenesis which develops into the brain and spinal cord. While mouse models have been commonly used in place of human embryos to study NT development, species-specific differences limit their applicability. One major difference is developmental timing, with NT formation from the neural plate in 16 days in humans compared to 4 days in mice, as well as differences in the time taken to form neuronal subtypes and complete neurogenesis. Neural tube organoids (NTOs) represent a new way to study NT development in vitro. While mouse and human NTOs have been shown to recapitulate the major developmental events of NT formation; it is unknown whether species-specific developmental timing, also termed allochrony, is also recapitulated. This review summarises current research using both mouse and human NTOs and compares developmental timing events in order to assess if allochrony is maintained in organoids.© 2024. The Author(s).