骨髓微环境（BME）对于健康的造血至关重要，并且在血液恶性肿瘤中经常受到破坏。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）是肿瘤微环境（TME）中的主要细胞类型，在肿瘤生长和进展中发挥着重要作用。靶向 TAM 并调节其极化是癌症治疗的一种有前途的策略。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 TME 和调节免疫抑制 TAM 的不同多个可能靶点的重要性，例如：CD123、1-磷酸鞘氨醇受体、CD19/CD1d、CCR4/ CCL22、CSF1R (CD115)、CD24、CD40、B7 家族蛋白、MARCO、CD47、CD163、CD204、CD206 和叶酸受体。对抗血液恶性肿瘤中肿瘤微环境的免疫抑制环境的创新方法具有很高的临床意义，并可能导致提高生存率、改善生活质量并降低癌症治疗的毒性。标准程序可能涉及 CAR T/NK 细胞疗法与其他疗法的结合，从而实现更全面的癌症护理。

The bone marrow microenvironment (BME) is critical for healthy hematopoiesis and is often disrupted in hematologic malignancies. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major cell type in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play a significant role in tumor growth and progression. Targeting TAMs and modulating their polarization is a promising strategy for cancer therapy.In this review, we discuss the importance of TME and different multiple possible targets to modulate immunosuppressive TAMs such as: CD123, Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors, CD19/CD1d, CCR4/CCL22, CSF1R (CD115), CD24, CD40, B7 family proteins, MARCO, CD47, CD163, CD204, CD206 and folate receptors.Innovative approaches to combat the immunosuppressive milieu of the tumor microenvironment in hematologic malignancies are of high clinical significance and may lead to increased survival, improved quality of life, and decreased toxicity of cancer therapies. Standard procedures will likely involve a combination of CAR T/NK-cell therapies with other treatments, leading to more comprehensive cancer care.