颈部超声和其他成像方式的广泛使用导致了分化型甲状腺癌 (DTC) 检出率增加的现象。大多数这些癌症保持惰性，不需要手术干预。尽管如此，一部分需要手术治疗的患者随后会出现疾病复发。这种情况最常见于颈部淋巴结和甲状腺床，其次是远处转移至肺部和骨骼。由于影像学是术后监测的一个组成部分，放射科医生在检测复发性肿瘤和指导这些患者的治疗方面发挥着核心作用。超声是用于术后评估的主要成像方式。 CT、MRI、放射性碘成像和 PET/CT 等其他模式有助于准确诊断和表征复发性疾病。因此，放射科医生在解释这些多模态研究时必须透彻了解这些成像技术的实用性以及复发性 DTC 的成像特征。影像学结果的解释还应与患者的临床状态及其生化标志物相关联，以尽量减少解释错误。作者对 DTC 的术后评估进行了广泛的概述，包括其最初的主要治疗、分期和预后；复发性疾病的临床风险分层；通过影像学监测和生化标志物评估进行术后监测；和复发性 DTC 的管理。根据 CC BY 4.0 许可证发布。本文提供了补充材料。

The widespread use of neck US and other imaging modalities has contributed to a phenomenon of increased detection of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Most of these cancers remain indolent, without requiring surgical intervention. Nonetheless, a subset of patients who require surgical treatment experience subsequent disease recurrence. This most commonly occurs in the cervical lymph nodes and thyroid bed, followed by distant metastasis to the lungs and bones. Because imaging is an integral part of postoperative surveillance, radiologists play a central role in the detection of recurrent tumors and in guiding treatment in these patients. US is the primary imaging modality used for postoperative evaluation. Other modalities such as CT, MRI, radioactive iodine imaging, and PET/CT aid in the accurate diagnosis and characterization of recurrent disease. Therefore, radiologists must have a thorough understanding of the utility of these imaging techniques and the imaging characteristics of recurrent DTC when interpreting these multimodality studies. The interpretation of imaging findings should also be correlated with the clinical status of patients and their biochemical markers to minimize interpretative errors. The authors present a broad overview of the postoperative evaluation of DTC, including its initial primary management, staging, and prognostication; clinical risk stratification for recurrent disease; postoperative surveillance with imaging and evaluation of biochemical markers; and management of recurrent DTC. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. Supplemental material is available for this article.