黑色素瘤是犬最常见的恶性口腔肿瘤。它经常带来诊断挑战，因为许多黑色素瘤缺乏或含有很少的黑色素，并且可能具有可变的微观表型。先前评估用于诊断黑色素瘤的免疫组织化学标记物的研究显示，S-100、PNL2、黑色素 A、TRP-1、TRP-2 和 HMB-45 的敏感性和/或特异性有限。 Sry 相关 HMG-box 基因 10 (SOX-10) 是一种与黑素细胞、周围神经嵴和周围神经系统发育相关的转录因子。在人类中，SOX-10 表达已在黑色素瘤、乳腺癌、神经胶质瘤和神经鞘瘤中得到证实，但最近才在兽医物种中进行探索。在这项研究中，使用组织微阵列通过免疫组织化学评估了 198 个肿瘤（包括 147 个黑素细胞肿瘤和 51 个非黑素细胞肿瘤）的 SOX-10、PNL2、melan A、TRP-1 和 TRP-2 表达。 SOX-10 对黑色素瘤的诊断灵敏度最高（96.7%）。此外，SOX-10 具有最高的黑色素瘤标记百分比（91.5%；130/142），至少占肿瘤细胞的 75%。在检查的 51 个选定的非黑素细胞肿瘤中，在乳腺癌 (6/6)、神经胶质瘤 (4/4) 和口腔软组织肉瘤 (4/18) 中观察到 SOX-10 标记。在评估的 41 种非黑素细胞口腔肿瘤中，SOX-10 的特异性为 92.7%。因此，SOX-10 因其极高的灵敏度和强大的标记强度而成为诊断犬黑色素瘤的有用免疫组织化学筛选标记。 SOX-10 可能有助于诊断狗的一些非黑素细胞肿瘤，尽管这需要进一步研究。

Melanoma is the most common malignant oral tumor in dogs. It frequently presents a diagnostic challenge as many melanomas lack or contain scant melanin and may have a variable microscopic phenotype. Previous studies evaluating immunohistochemical markers for diagnosing melanoma have shown limited sensitivity and/or specificity for S-100, PNL2, melan A, TRP-1, TRP-2, and HMB-45. Sry-related HMG-box gene 10 (SOX-10) is a transcription factor associated with melanocytic, peripheral neural crest, and peripheral nervous system development. In humans, SOX-10 expression has been demonstrated in melanoma, breast carcinoma, glioma, and schwannoma, but has only recently been explored in veterinary species. In this study, 198 tumors comprised of 147 melanocytic neoplasms and 51 non-melanocytic neoplasms were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray for SOX-10, PNL2, melan A, TRP-1, and TRP-2 expressions. The SOX-10 had the highest diagnostic sensitivity (96.7%) in melanomas. In addition, SOX-10 had the highest percentage (91.5%; 130/142) of melanomas label at least 75% of neoplastic cells. Of the 51 selected non-melanocytic tumors examined, SOX-10 labeling was observed in mammary carcinomas (6/6), gliomas (4/4), and oral soft tissue sarcomas (4/18). Of the 41 non-melanocytic oral neoplasms evaluated, SOX-10 had a specificity of 92.7%. Therefore, SOX-10 represents a useful immunohistochemical screening marker for the diagnosis of canine melanoma given its extremely high sensitivity and robust labeling intensity. The SOX-10 may have utility in diagnosing some non-melanocytic neoplasms in the dog, although this requires further investigation.