在过去的几十年里，科学家们已经认识到细胞外基质 (ECM) 的各种成分在维持稳态免疫方面发挥的关键作用。此外，这些成分的合成或降解水平的失调直接影响肿瘤过程引起的组织损伤期间的免疫反应机制或损伤后组织本身的再生。 ECM 是蛋白质化合物、蛋白聚糖和糖胺聚糖 (GAG) 的复杂网络。透明质酸（HA）是该网络的主要GAG之一，其代谢受到严格的生理调节，并在损伤过程中迅速改变，影响从干细胞到分化免疫细胞等不同细胞的行为。在本次修订中，我们讨论天然或化学修饰的 HA 如何与其特定受体相互作用并调节免疫细胞的细胞内和细胞间通讯，重点关注癌症和组织再生条件。© 2024。作者获得 Springer 的独家许可-德国 Verlag GmbH，隶属于施普林格自然集团。

Over the last few decades, scientists have recognized the critical role that various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) play in maintaining homeostatic immunity. Besides, dysregulation in the synthesis or degradation levels of these components directly impacts the mechanisms of immune response during tissue injury caused by tumor processes or the regeneration of the tissue itself in the event of damage. ECM is a complex network of protein compounds, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Hyaluronic acid (HA) is one of the major GAGs of this network, whose metabolism is strictly physiologically regulated and quickly altered in injury processes, affecting the behavior of different cells, from stem cells to differentiated immune cells. In this revision we discuss how the native or chemically modified HA interacts with its specific receptors and modulates intra and intercellular communication of immune cells, focusing on cancer and tissue regeneration conditions.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.