用于抗感染抗原递送和癌症免疫治疗的聚合物纳米粒子是促进创新疫苗开发的新兴治疗策略。除了能够创建有效负载受控释放的靶向递送系统之外，生物可降解聚合物还能够增强抗原的免疫原性和稳定性。这篇综述广泛讨论了影响纳米颗粒作为抗原递送系统行为的物理化学参数。此外，还回顾了各种类型的天然和合成聚合物以及基于纳米颗粒的靶向疫苗生产的最新进展。可生物降解的聚合物纳米颗粒在疫苗接种领域引起了极大的兴趣，并已广泛用于封装针对多种肿瘤的抗原。此外，它们在调节其理化特性和表面方面的多功能性，有助于靶向抗原呈递细胞并增强免疫反应。

Polymeric nanoparticles used for antigen delivery against infections and for cancer immunotherapy are an emerging therapeutic strategy in promoting the development of innovative vaccines. Beyond their capability to create targeted delivery systems with controlled release of payloads, biodegradable polymers are utilized for their ability to enhance the immunogenicity and stability of antigens.This review extensively discusses the physicochemical parameters that affect the behavior of nanoparticles as antigen-delivery systems. Additionally, various types of natural and synthetic polymers and recent advancements in nanoparticle-based targeted vaccine production are reviewed.Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles have gained major interest in the vaccination filed and have been extensively used to encapsulate antigens against a wide variety of tumors. Moreover, their versatility in terms of tunning their physicochemical characteristics, and their surface, facilitates the targeting to antigen presenting cells and enhances immune response.