前列腺癌（PCa）是一个重要的全球健康问题，是男性癌症死亡的主要原因之一。虽然局限性前列腺癌有多种治疗方法，但转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌 (mCRPC) 仍然无法治愈。尽管 mCRPC 的治疗进展显示出希望，但它们对总体生存率的影响有限。本章探讨了肿瘤形成的过程，回顾了我们目前对 PCa 进展为 mCRPC 的理解，并解决了增强这些肿瘤的抗肿瘤免疫反应的挑战。它具体讨论了趋化信号如何影响肿瘤微环境及其在免疫逃避和癌症进展中的作用。本章进一步探讨了直接或间接靶向这些途径作为 mCRPC 辅助疗法的基本原理，重点介绍了最近正在进行的临床前和临床研究。讨论强调了针对特定趋化因子和趋化因子受体作为 PCa 和 mCRPC 主流治疗的联合疗法的潜力，以最大限度地提高这种致命疾病的长期生存率。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Inc. 出版。

Prostate cancer (PCa) stands as a significant global health concern, ranking among the leading causes of cancer deaths in men. While there are several treatment modalities for localized PCa, metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC) remains incurable. Despite therapeutic advancements showing promise in mCRPC, their impact on overall survival has been limited. This chapter explores the process by which tumors form, reviews our current understanding of PCa progression to mCRPC, and addresses the challenges of boosting anti-tumor immune responses in these tumors. It specifically discusses how chemotactic signaling affects the tumor microenvironment and its role in immune evasion and cancer progression. The chapter further examines the rationale of directly or indirectly targeting these pathways as adjuvant therapies for mCRPC, highlighting recent pre-clinical and clinical studies currently underway. The discussion emphasizes the potential of targeting specific chemokines and chemokine receptors as combination therapies with mainstream treatments for PCa and mCRPC to maximize long-term survival for this deadly disease.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.