溃疡性结肠炎（UC）是两种形式的炎症性肠病之一。它影响全球 500 万人，是一种慢性、复发性胃肠道炎症，临床表现为腹痛、慢性腹泻、直肠出血和体重减轻。 UC 的病因和病因学仍然知之甚少。 UC 无法治愈，也没有“金标准诊断”。现有的治疗方法无效，UC患者的预期寿命较低，并且有患结直肠癌的风险。最近在病理生理学、临床表现和生物标志物方面的研究显着提高了我们对 UC 的了解。在这篇综述中，我们总结了在识别新型临床生物标志物、诊断、治疗靶点和新兴疗法方面的最新进展。这些见解预计将有助于开发 UC 的有效治疗方法。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the two forms of inflammatory bowel disease. It affects 5 million people globally, and is a chronic and recurring inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with clinical presentation of abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and weight loss. The cause and the etiology of UC remain poorly understood. There is no cure and no 'gold standard diagnostic' for UC. The existing treatments are ineffective, and UC patients have a lower life expectancy with a risk of colorectal cancer. Recent studies in pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and biomarkers have significantly improved our understanding of UC. In this review we summarize recent advances in identifying novel clinical biomarkers, diagnostics, treatment targets, and emerging therapeutics. These insights are expected to assist in developing effective treatments for UC.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.