儿科患者头部和颈部遇到的大量急性非创伤性疾病可能会让在快节奏的紧急环境中接受培训的放射科医生感到恐惧。尽管儿科和成人疾病有一些重叠，但先天性病变和发育变异在儿科人群中更为常见。此外，儿童和成人群体中多种感染和肿瘤的相对发生率也不同。年轻患者和/或发育迟缓的患者可能有难以引出的临床病史或非特异性表现，这强调了影像学在促进准确和及时诊断方面的重要性。照顾儿童的放射科医生必须精通儿科非创伤性头颈急救成像。作者为放射学实习生提供了随叫随到的资源，按解剖位置组织，并强调了儿科头颈部许多急性非创伤性疾病的要点、要点、陷阱和模仿。 ©RSNA，2024 本文提供了补充材料。

The vast array of acute nontraumatic diseases encountered in the head and neck of pediatric patients can be intimidating for radiologists in training in a fast-paced emergency setting. Although there is some overlap of pediatric and adult diseases, congenital lesions and developmental variants are much more common in the pediatric population. Furthermore, the relative incidences of numerous infections and neoplasms differ between pediatric and adult populations. Young patients and/or those with developmental delays may have clinical histories that are difficult to elicit or nonspecific presentations, underscoring the importance of imaging in facilitating accurate and timely diagnoses. It is essential that radiologists caring for children be well versed in pediatric nontraumatic head and neck emergency imaging. The authors provide an on-call resource for radiology trainees, organized by anatomic location and highlighting key points, pearls, pitfalls, and mimics of many acute nontraumatic diseases in the pediatric head and neck. ©RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.