黑暗骑士：中性粒细胞在结肠炎相关癌症的发病机理中的功能重编程
The Dark Knight: Functional Reprogramming of Neutrophils in the Pathogenesis of Colitis-Associated Cancer
影响因子:8.20000
分区:医学1区 Top / 免疫学2区 肿瘤学2区
发表日期:2024 Oct 01
作者:
Sreya Ghosh, Ivan Zanoni
摘要
嗜中性粒细胞是被募集到发炎组织的主要髓样细胞，它们是结肠炎期间的关键参与者，在结肠癌的启动和生长过程中也存在于肿瘤微环境中。中性粒细胞从根本上可以保护宿主免受微生物的侵袭，但是在癌症发育期间，它们可以变成野原，并导致肿瘤的启动，生长，最终导致转移，从而为宿主发挥二分为作用。癌症患者的杂粒细胞可以免疫抑制，并作为疾病进展的标志，但其特征尚未完全定义。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了当前有关肠道中性粒细胞在炎症或免疫抑制状态之间如何波动的知识，以及它们如何对肿瘤发育做出贡献。我们描述了炎症性肠病期间嗜中性粒细胞的抗肿瘤和杂种作用，并突出了它们引起炎症驱动的结直肠癌的出现的能力。我们介绍了结肠肿瘤微环境中嗜中性粒细胞种群的功能矛盾，这可能会被利用以建立可预防高危患者炎症依赖性结肠癌发病率的疗法。
Abstract
Neutrophils are the primary myeloid cells that are recruited to inflamed tissues, and they are key players during colitis, being also present within the tumor microenvironment during the initiation and growth of colon cancer. Neutrophils fundamentally serve to protect the host against microorganism invasion, but during cancer development, they can become protumoral and lead to tumor initiation, growth, and eventually, metastasis-hence, playing a dichotomic role for the host. Protumoral neutrophils in cancer patients can be immunosuppressive and serve as markers for disease progression but their characteristics are not fully defined. In this review, we explore the current knowledge on how neutrophils in the gut fluctuate between an inflammatory or immunosuppressive state and how they contribute to tumor development. We describe neutrophils' antitumoral and protumoral effects during inflammatory bowel diseases and highlight their capacity to provoke the advent of inflammation-driven colorectal cancer. We present the functional ambivalence of the neutrophil populations within the colon tumor microenvironment, which can be potentially exploited to establish therapies that will prevent, or even reverse, inflammation-dependent colon cancer incidence in high-risk patients.