约克郡肾脏筛查试验 (YKST) 评估了在肺癌筛查中添加腹部非对比计算机断层扫描 (NCCT) 以筛查肾癌和其他腹部病理的可行性。一项前瞻性诊断研究为 55-80 岁的患者提供了腹部 NCCT -参加英国随机肺癌筛查试验（2021 年 5 月至 2022 年 10 月）的吸烟者。排除标准为痴呆、虚弱、既往患有肾癌/肺癌，以及在过去 6 个月和 12 个月内分别进行过腹部和胸部计算机断层扫描 (CT)。随访六个月。共有4438人参加了肺部筛查，其中4309人（97%）符合资格，4019人（93%）接受了腹部NCCT。只有 3.9% 的受访者后悔参与。执行 YKST 过程的额外时间为 13.3 分钟。在参与者中，2586 名 (64%) 的腹部 NCCT 正常，787 名 (20%) 需要腹部 NCCT 影像检查但无需采取进一步行动，611 名 (15%) 需要进一步评估（调查和/或临床）。在参与者中，211 名（5.3%）有新的严重发现，其中 25 名（0.62%）患有肾肿块/复杂囊肿，其中 10 名（0.25%）经组织学证实患有肾癌；十名 (0.25%) 患有其他癌症； 60 名（1.5%）患有腹主动脉瘤（AAA）。二十五名 (0.62%) 参与者接受了具有治愈目的的治疗。在参与者中，1017 名（25%）有不严重的发现，最常见的是良性肾囊肿（727 名[18%]），而只有 259 名（6.4%）有不严重的发现，需要进一步检查。需要筛查以发现严重腹部异常的人数为 18 人； 93 人发现了一种可疑的肾脏病变，402 人发现了一种组织学证实的肾癌。该队列的局限性是年龄范围固定，并且之前参加过肺癌筛查。在这项与胸部 CT 一起提供的首个腹部 NCCT 前瞻性风险分层筛查研究中，采用率和参与者满意度很高。严重发现、癌症和 AAA 的患病率属于已建立的筛查计划（例如肠癌）的范围。现在应该评估长期结果和成本效益。版权所有 © 2024 作者。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。保留所有权利。

The Yorkshire Kidney Screening Trial (YKST) assessed the feasibility of adding abdominal noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) to lung cancer screening to screen for kidney cancer and other abdominal pathology.A prospective diagnostic study offered abdominal NCCT to 55-80-yr-old ever-smokers attending a UK randomised lung cancer screening trial (May 2021 to October 2022). The exclusion criteria were dementia, frailty, previous kidney/lung cancer, and computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and thorax within previous 6 and 12 mo, respectively. Six-month follow-up was undertaken.A total of 4438 people attended lung screening, of whom 4309 (97%) were eligible for and 4019 (93%) accepted abdominal NCCT. Only 3.9% respondents regretted participating. The additional time to conduct the YKST processes was 13.3 min. Of the participants, 2586 (64%) had a normal abdominal NCCT, whilst 787 (20%) required an abdominal NCCT imaging review but no further action and 611 (15%) required further evaluation (investigations and/or clinic). Of the participants, 211 (5.3%) had a new serious finding, including 25 (0.62%) with a renal mass/complex cyst, of whom ten (0.25%) had histologically proven kidney cancer; ten (0.25%) with other cancers; and 60 (1.5%) with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Twenty-five (0.62%) participants had treatment with curative intent. Of the participants, 1017 (25%) had nonserious findings, most commonly benign renal cysts (727 [18%]), whereas only 259 (6.4%) had nonserious findings requiring further tests. The number needed to screen to detect one serious abdominal finding was 18; it was 93 to detect one suspicious renal lesion and 402 to detect one histologically confirmed renal cancer. Limitations of the cohort were fixed age range and being prior lung cancer screening attendees.In this first prospective risk-stratified screening study of abdominal NCCT offered alongside CT thorax, uptake and participant satisfaction were high. The prevalence of serious findings, cancers, and AAAs, is in the range of established screening programmes such as bowel cancer. Longer-term outcomes and cost effectiveness should now be evaluated.Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.