神经胶质瘤由多种相关肿瘤亚型组成，具有不同的生物学和分子特征以及临床结果。详细的遗传和表观遗传特征的进展，以及对与发育起源相关的亚型（包括大脑位置和患者年龄）的认识，已经将神经胶质瘤的分类从历史上依赖组织病理学特征转变为结合分子特征和时空发病率的更新类别。在一个亚型中，个体神经胶质瘤表现出细胞异质性，通常包含类似于不同类型的正常神经胶质细胞和祖细胞的亚群。除了由基因突变和肿瘤细胞之间的信号传导驱动的异常生长调节的肿瘤自主机制外，与肿瘤微环境（包括神经元、星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞前体细胞和免疫微环境）的相互作用在驱动神经胶质瘤生长和影响反应中发挥着重要作用来治疗。对正常大脑对神经胶质瘤生长的复杂贡献的新认识代表了治疗进展的新机遇。版权所有 © 2024 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press；版权所有。

Gliomas comprise a diverse spectrum of related tumor subtypes with varying biological and molecular features and clinical outcomes. Advances in detailed genetic and epigenetic characterizations along with an appreciation that subtypes associated with developmental origins, including brain location and patient age, have shifted glioma classification from the historical reliance on histopathological features to updated categories incorporating molecular signatures and spatiotemporal incidence. Within a subtype, individual gliomas show cellular heterogeneity, generally containing subpopulations resembling different types of normal glial and progenitor cells. In addition to tumor-autonomous mechanisms of aberrant growth regulation driven by genetic mutations and signaling between tumor cells, interactions with the tumor microenvironment, including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and the immune microenvironment play important roles in driving glioma growth and influencing response to treatment. The emerging understanding of the complex contributions of normal brain to glioma growth represents new opportunities for therapeutic advances.Copyright © 2024 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved.