了解HIV阴性患者（尤其是在血液学恶性肿瘤患者中）了解tal骨菌病的进步：全面综述
Advances in the understanding of talaromycosis in HIV-negative patients (especially in children and patients with hematological malignancies): A comprehensive review
影响因子:2.30000
分区:医学3区 / 兽医学2区 传染病学3区 真菌学3区
发表日期:2024 Oct 04
作者:
Haiyang He, Liuyang Cai, Yusong Lin, Fangwei Zheng, Wanqing Liao, Xiaochun Xue, Weihua Pan
摘要
Talaromyces Marneffei（T。Marneffei）脱颖而出，成为哺乳动物的唯一热门化真菌致病性，包括人类，包括人类，包括人类，包括人类，Eurotium，Eurotium，Eurotiumles，Eurotiumles，Eurotiumles，Fungiaceae和Cyanobacteria。它是其自然栖息地中的腐生真菌，它在37°C的哺乳动物生理温度下转变为致病酵母相。从历史上看，tal骨菌病主要与人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）相关，该综合症（AIDS）分为与艾滋病有关的三种主要机会性感染，与艾滋病有关，与结核病和加密相关性有关。随着艾滋病毒/艾滋病治疗和控制措施的进步，每年与艾滋病毒共同感染的talomycosis共同感染的发生率正在下降，而非HIV感染的塔拉菌病患者的人口却稳步增加。这些患者表现出多种危险因素，例如各种类型的免疫缺陷，恶性肿瘤，自身免疫性疾病和器官移植等。然而，有限的回顾性研究集中在HIV阴性talaromycisis患者的临床特征和危险因素上，尤其是在儿童和血液系统恶性肿瘤的患者中，导致对该患者队列的了解不足。因此，我们进行了全面的综述，其中涵盖了流行病学，发病机理，危险因素，临床表现，诊断，治疗和预后，对HIV阴性塔骨霉菌病患者的预后，并以该疾病的边境研究方向的招股说明。目的是增强理解，从而导致这些患者诊断和治疗率的进步，最终改善他们的预后。
Abstract
Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) stands out as the sole thermobiphasic fungus pathogenic to mammals, including humans, within the fungal community encompassing Ascomycota, Eurotium, Eurotiumles, Fungiaceae, and Cyanobacteria. Thriving as a saprophytic fungus in its natural habitat, it transitions into a pathogenic yeast phase at the mammalian physiological temperature of 37°C. Historically, talaromycosis has been predominantly associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), classified among the three primary opportunistic infections linked with AIDS, alongside tuberculosis and cryptococcosis. As advancements are made in HIV/AIDS treatment and control measures, the incidence of talaromycosis co-infection with HIV is declining annually, whereas the population of non-HIV-infected talaromycosis patients is steadily increasing. These patients exhibit diverse risk factors such as various types of immunodeficiency, malignant tumors, autoimmune diseases, and organ transplantation, among others. Yet, a limited number of retrospective studies have centered on the clinical characteristics and risk factors of HIV-negative talaromycosis patients, especially in children and patients with hematological malignancies, resulting in an inadequate understanding of this patient cohort. Consequently, we conducted a comprehensive review encompassing the epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of HIV-negative talaromycosis patients, concluding with a prospectus of the disease's frontier research direction. The aim is to enhance comprehension, leading to advancements in the diagnosis and treatment rates for these patients, ultimately improving their prognosis.