全球1990年至2021年良性前列腺增生、泌尿道感染、尿路结石、膀胱癌、肾癌和前列腺癌的负担

包括良性前列腺增生（BPH）、泌尿道感染（UTI）、尿路结石、膀胱癌、肾癌和前列腺癌在内的常见泌尿系疾病负担在地域之间以及特定区域内存在差异。进行全面且精准的全球泌尿系疾病负担评估至关重要。我们利用2021年全球疾病负担（GBD）数据，获得了上述泌尿系疾病在不同年龄、性别、地区和年份的发病率、患病率、死亡率及残疾调整生命年（DALYs）等指标。基于社会人口指数（SDI）和归因风险因素，分析了这些疾病相关的负担。通过估算年度变化百分比（EAPC）及其95%置信区间（CI），评估了负担随时间的变化趋势。2021年，BPH和UTI在年龄标准化发病率（ASIR）和患病率（ASPR）中位列前列，分别为每十万人中的5531.88和2782.59。前列腺癌在年龄标准化死亡率（ASMR）和年龄标准化DALYs率（ASDR）中位列首位，分别为每十万人中的12.63和217.83。自1990年至2021年，UTI的ASIR、ASPR、ASMR和ASDR呈上升趋势，而尿路结石则呈下降趋势。中低SDI等级显示出较高的UTI、尿路结石和BPH的发病率、患病率、死亡率及DALYs，而高和中高SDI等级则显示出这三种癌症的较高发病率。上述六种泌尿系疾病的负担在不同年龄段和性别中呈现多样的分布特征。2021年，全球范围内高体质量指数（BMI）导致20.07%的肾癌死亡，而吸烟则占膀胱癌死亡的26.48%和前列腺癌死亡的3.00%。这些疾病的全球负担对公共卫生提出了重大挑战，亟需国际合作推动泌尿系疾病管理的改善，包括开发有效的筛查诊断工具和实施高质量的预防及治疗策略。

The burden of common urologic diseases, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), urinary tract infections (UTI), urolithiasis, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, and prostate cancer, varies both geographically and within specific regions. It is essential to conduct a comprehensive and precise assessment of the global burden of urologic diseases.We obtained data on incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for the aforementioned urologic diseases by age, sex, location, and year from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021. We analyzed the burden associated with urologic diseases based on socio-demographic index (SDI) and attributable risk factors. The trends in burden over time were assessed using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) along with a 95% confidence interval (CI).In 2021, BPH and UTI were the leading causes of age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), with rates of 5531.88 and 2782.59 per 100,000 persons, respectively. Prostate cancer was the leading cause of both age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR), with rates of 12.63 and 217.83 per 100,000 persons, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, there was an upward trend in ASIR, ASPR, ASMR, and ASDR for UTI, while urolithiasis showed a downward trend. The middle and low-middle SDI quintile levels exhibited higher incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs related to UTI, urolithiasis, and BPH, while the high and high-middle SDI quintile levels showed higher rates for the three cancers. The burden of these six urologic diseases displayed diverse age and sex distribution patterns. In 2021, a high body mass index (BMI) contributed to 20.07% of kidney cancer deaths worldwide, while smoking accounted for 26.48% of bladder cancer deaths and 3.00% of prostate cancer deaths.The global burden of 6 urologic diseases presents a significant public health challenge. Urgent international collaboration is essential to advance the improvement of urologic disease management, encompassing the development of effective diagnostic screening tools and the implementation of high-quality prevention and treatment strategies.