我们比较了无家可归人群中不同住房状况的死亡率，并调查了导致其死亡的因素，包括住房状况、性别和年龄。使用由国家结核病 (TB) 筛查整理的综合多年数据集 (n=15,445)结合2019-2021年人口动态死亡数据库和国民健康保险理赔数据，计算年龄标准化死亡率，并进行生存分析，估计不同住房状况的死亡率差异。 无家可归者死亡率人口是总人口的两倍，分别为每10万人1159.6人和每10万人645.8人。癌症和心血管疾病是主要的死亡原因。此外，居住在收容所的个人比那些露宿街头的人面临更高的死亡风险，调整后的风险比为 1.702（95% CI，1.369-2.115）。这种增加的风险在老年人和女性中尤其明显。该研究强调了迫切需要有针对性的干预措施，因为无家可归者面临着更高的死亡率。收容所中的老年人和妇女面临的风险最高。

We compared mortality rates among various housing statuses within the homeless population and investigated factors contributing to their deaths, including housing status, gender, and age.Using a comprehensive multi-year dataset (n=15,445) curated by the National Tuberculosis (TB) Screening and Case Management Programs, matched with the 2019-2021 Vital Statistics Death Database and National Health Insurance claims data, we calculated age-standardized mortality rates and conducted survival analysis to estimate differences in mortality rates based on housing status.The mortality rate among the homeless population was twice as high as that of the general population, at 1159.6 per 100,000 compared to 645.8 per 100,000, respectively. Cancer and cardiovascular diseases were the primary causes of death. Furthermore, individuals residing in shelter facilities faced a significantly higher risk of death than those who were rough sleeping, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.702 (95% CI, 1.369-2.115). This increased risk was especially pronounced in older adults and women.The study highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions, as the homeless population faces significantly higher mortality rates. Older adults and women in shelter facilities are at the highest risk.