成纤维细胞以其功能多样性而闻名，在炎症和癌症中发挥着至关重要的作用。在这项研究中，我们对来自 517 份人类样本的成纤维细胞进行了全面的单细胞 RNA 测序分析，涵盖 11 种组织类型和不同的病理状态。我们识别出具有普遍和组织特异性特征的不同成纤维细胞亚群。病理条件导致成纤维细胞成分发生显着变化，包括炎症期间免疫调节成纤维细胞的扩张和癌症中组织重塑肌成纤维细胞的扩张。在肌成纤维细胞类别中，我们鉴定了来自不同发育起源的四个转录上不同的亚群，其中 LRRC15 肌成纤维细胞显示出终末分化特征。 LRRC15 和 MMP1 肌成纤维细胞都表现出促肿瘤潜力，有助于形成免疫排斥和免疫抑制的肿瘤微环境 (TME)，而 PI16 成纤维细胞在邻近的非癌区域表现出潜在的抗肿瘤功能。成纤维细胞亚型组合物定义了具有不同临床结果的患者亚型。这项研究增进了我们对成纤维细胞生物学的理解，并提出了针对癌症治疗中特定成纤维细胞亚群的潜在治疗策略。版权所有 © 2024 作者。由爱思唯尔公司出版。保留所有权利。

Fibroblasts, known for their functional diversity, play crucial roles in inflammation and cancer. In this study, we conduct comprehensive single-cell RNA sequencing analyses on fibroblast cells from 517 human samples, spanning 11 tissue types and diverse pathological states. We identify distinct fibroblast subpopulations with universal and tissue-specific characteristics. Pathological conditions lead to significant shifts in fibroblast compositions, including the expansion of immune-modulating fibroblasts during inflammation and tissue-remodeling myofibroblasts in cancer. Within the myofibroblast category, we identify four transcriptionally distinct subpopulations originating from different developmental origins, with LRRC15+ myofibroblasts displaying terminally differentiated features. Both LRRC15+ and MMP1+ myofibroblasts demonstrate pro-tumor potential that contribute to the immune-excluded and immune-suppressive tumor microenvironments (TMEs), whereas PI16+ fibroblasts show potential anti-tumor functions in adjacent non-cancerous regions. Fibroblast-subtype compositions define patient subtypes with distinct clinical outcomes. This study advances our understanding of fibroblast biology and suggests potential therapeutic strategies for targeting specific fibroblast subsets in cancer treatment.Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.