嗜神经病毒通过涉及病毒进入机制、血脑屏障调节、免疫逃避和肿瘤微环境改变的复杂相互作用，参与改变中枢神经系统微环境并促进乳腺癌脑转移。这篇叙述性综述探讨了嗜神经病毒（如单纯疱疹病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒、日本脑炎病毒和狂犬病病毒）促进脑转移的分子机制，重点关注它们破坏血脑屏障完整性、调节免疫反应和产生脑转移的能力。中枢神经系统内转移细胞存活和生长的宽松环境。讨论了当前针对嗜神经病毒预防或治疗脑转移的治疗意义和挑战，强调了病毒学、肿瘤学和免疫学领域创新策略和多学科方法的需要。© 2024 John Wiley

Neurotropic viruses have been implicated in altering the central nervous system microenvironment and promoting brain metastasis of breast cancer through complex interactions involving viral entry mechanisms, modulation of the blood-brain barrier, immune evasion, and alteration of the tumour microenvironment. This narrative review explores the molecular mechanisms by which neurotropic viruses such as Herpes Simplex Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Japanese Encephalitis Virus, and Rabies Virus facilitate brain metastasis, focusing on their ability to disrupt blood-brain barrier integrity, modulate immune responses, and create a permissive environment for metastatic cell survival and growth within the central nervous system. Current therapeutic implications and challenges in targeting neurotropic viruses to prevent or treat brain metastasis are discussed, highlighting the need for innovative strategies and multidisciplinary approaches in virology, oncology, and immunology.© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.