多模态成像作为一种创新方法展开，它同时或顺序协同地采用一系列成像技术。计算机断层扫描 (CT)、磁共振成像 (MRI)、单光子发射计算机断层扫描 (SPECT)、正电子发射断层扫描 (PET) 和光学成像 (OI) 的集成可实现对复杂生物过程的全面和互补的理解。这种创新方法结合了每种方法的优点并克服了它们各自的局限性。通过和谐地混合这些模式的数据，它可以显着提高癌症诊断的准确性并有助于治疗决策过程。纳米颗粒具有利用放射性同位素和多种造影剂进行轻松功能化的巨大潜力。这种策略性修改有助于增强信号放大、显着增强图像灵敏度并提高对比度指数。这种定制的纳米颗粒结构为临床前和临床环境中的成像模式的发展提供了一条有前途的途径。此外，纳米颗粒充当成像剂和治疗有效负载共定位的统一纳米平台，从而优化癌症管理策略的效率。因此，放射性标记纳米粒子在推动多模态成像和治疗诊断应用领域表现出巨大的潜力。本综述讨论了分子成像在癌症诊断中的潜在应用、基于纳米技术的放射性标记材料在多模态成像和治疗诊断应用中的利用，以及该领域的最新进展。它还强调了挑战，包括细胞毒性和监管合规性、纳米放射性药物在多模式成像和治疗诊断应用中有效临床转化的基本考虑因素。© 2024。作者。

Multimodal imaging unfolds as an innovative approach that synergistically employs a spectrum of imaging techniques either simultaneously or sequentially. The integration of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and optical imaging (OI) results in a comprehensive and complementary understanding of complex biological processes. This innovative approach combines the strengths of each method and overcoming their individual limitations. By harmoniously blending data from these modalities, it significantly improves the accuracy of cancer diagnosis and aids in treatment decision-making processes. Nanoparticles possess a high potential for facile functionalization with radioactive isotopes and a wide array of contrast agents. This strategic modification serves to augment signal amplification, significantly enhance image sensitivity, and elevate contrast indices. Such tailored nanoparticles constructs exhibit a promising avenue for advancing imaging modalities in both preclinical and clinical setting. Furthermore, nanoparticles function as a unified nanoplatform for the co-localization of imaging agents and therapeutic payloads, thereby optimizing the efficiency of cancer management strategies. Consequently, radiolabeled nanoparticles exhibit substantial potential in driving forward the realms of multimodal imaging and theranostic applications. This review discusses the potential applications of molecular imaging in cancer diagnosis, the utilization of nanotechnology-based radiolabeled materials in multimodal imaging and theranostic applications, as well as recent advancements in this field. It also highlights challenges including cytotoxicity and regulatory compliance, essential considerations for effective clinical translation of nanoradiopharmaceuticals in multimodal imaging and theranostic applications.© 2024. The Author(s).