癌症免疫疗法彻底改变了肿瘤学领域，为晚期恶性肿瘤患者带来了新的希望。肿瘤诱导的免疫抑制限制了当前免疫治疗策略的有效性，例如 PD-1/PDL-1 检查点抑制剂。腺苷是一种嘌呤核苷分子，对于这种免疫抑制至关重要，因为它可以阻止 T 细胞激活并帮助调节性 T 细胞生长。靶向腺苷途径并阻断PD-1/PDL-1是增强免疫系统对肿瘤反应的潜在途径。本文讨论了目前对腺苷途径在肿瘤免疫学中的认识以及支持腺苷联合的临床前和临床数据。具有 PD-1/PDL-1 阻断作用的途径抑制剂。我们还讨论了开发针对腺苷通路和 PD-1/PDL-1 轴的癌症治疗联合免疫疗法的挑战和未来方向。腺苷信号通路控制许多免疫系统过程的事实表明它具有广泛的作用治疗用途。未来五年内，这一领域将取得巨大进展，恶性肿瘤的治疗标准将从点对点治疗转向由腺苷轴等多种信号通路组成的免疫网络整合。

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the field of oncology, offering new hope to patients with advanced malignancies. Tumor-induced immunosuppression limits the effectiveness of current immunotherapeutic strategies, such as PD-1/PDL-1 checkpoint inhibitors. Adenosine, a purine nucleoside molecule, is crucial to this immunosuppression because it stops T cells from activating and helps regulatory T cells grow. Targeting the adenosine pathway and blocking PD-1/PDL-1 is a potential way to boost the immune system's response to tumors.This review discusses the current understanding of the adenosine pathway in tumor immunology and the preclinical and clinical data supporting the combination of adenosine pathway inhibitors with PD-1/PDL-1 blockade. We also discuss the challenges and future directions for developing combination immunotherapy targeting the adenosine pathway and the PD-1/PDL-1 axis for cancer treatment.The fact that the adenosine signaling pathway controls many immune system processes suggests that it has a wide range of therapeutic uses. Within the next five years, there will be tremendous progress in this area, and the standard of care for treating malignant tumors will have switched from point-to-point therapy to the integration of immunological networks comprised of multiple signaling pathways, like the adenosine axis.