神经系统疾病（ND），包括神经退行性疾病（NDD）和精神疾病（PD），构成了重大的公共卫生挑战，在欧洲残疾和过早死亡方面排名第三，仅次于心血管疾病和癌症。 2017年，欧洲9.25亿人口中报告了约5.4亿新城疫病例，其中中风、痴呆和头痛最为常见。如今，越来越多的证据强调止血在脑稳态和血管事件中的关键作用。事实上，导致 ND 的止血、血栓形成和大脑异常形成了一个复杂且知之甚少的平衡。血管生物学的改变，特别是涉及血脑屏障的改变，与 ND（尤其是痴呆）和 PD 有关。虽然凝血酶和纤维蛋白原等关键凝血因子的作用已确定，但其他止血成分的作用尚不清楚。此外，除了抗磷脂综合征等特定病理模型外，这些因素在精神疾病发病机制中的参与实际上尚未被研究。先进的成像技术，主要是功能性磁共振成像及其衍生物，如扩散张量成像，已被开发用于研究受 ND 影响的大脑区域，并提高我们对这些疾病的病理生理学的理解。本文献综述旨在阐明目前对止血、血栓形成和神经系统疾病之间联系的理解，并探索未来潜在的诊断和治疗策略。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。

Neurological diseases (ND), including neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) and psychiatric disorders (PD), present a significant public health challenge, ranking third in Europe for disability and premature death, following cardiovascular diseases and cancers. In 2017, approximately 540 million cases of ND were reported among Europe's 925 million people, with strokes, dementia, and headaches being most prevalent. Nowadays, more and more evidence highlight the hemostasis critical role in cerebral homeostasis and vascular events. Indeed, hemostasis, thrombosis, and brain abnormalities contributing to ND form a complex and poorly understood equilibrium. Alterations in vascular biology, particularly involving the blood-brain barrier, are implicated in ND, especially dementia, and PD. While the roles of key coagulation players such as thrombin and fibrinogen are established, the roles of other hemostasis components are less clear. Moreover, the involvement of these elements in psychiatric disease pathogenesis is virtually unstudied, except in specific pathological models such as antiphospholipid syndrome. Advanced imaging techniques, primarily functional magnetic resonance imaging and its derivatives like diffusion tensor imaging, have been developed to study brain areas affected by ND and to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of these diseases. This literature review aims to clarify the current understanding of the connections between hemostasis, thrombosis, and neurological diseases, as well as explore potential future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.