心血管疾病（CVD）及其并发症仍然是全球死亡的主要原因。近年来，随着分子分析技术的进步，个体化治疗逐渐应用于CVD的诊断和治疗中。在诊断领域，液体活检与现代分析技术相结合是识别疾病生物标志物最流行的天然来源，这一点已在癌症领域得到成功证明。虽然获取动脉粥样硬化、深静脉血栓或中风等不同类型CVD的任何病变组织并不容易，但液体活检提供了一种简单且非侵入性的手术组织标本替代方案，以获得反映疾病状态的动态分子信息。应激/受损/死亡和/或坏死细胞释放游离核糖核酸 (cfRNA) 是一种常见的生理现象。 CfRNA 是在体液（血液、尿液、唾液、脑脊液）中或与血管/动脉粥样硬化组织相关的各种类型细胞外 RNA 的异质群体，为诊断前沿的疾病病理学提供了见解。特别是，cf-核糖体 RNA 已被证明在多种心血管疾病中充当破坏性分子。此外，使用 RNase 已成功拮抗 cfRNA 在 CVD 中的病理生理功能。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 cfRNA 的起源、结构、类型和在 CVD 诊断中的潜在用途。结合已建立的 CVD 生物标志物的分析，体液中 cfRNA 的分析可能为早期疾病检测和监测提供一种有前途的方法。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their complications continue to be the leading cause of mortality globally. With recent advancements in molecular analytics, individualized treatments are gradually applied to the diagnosis and treatment of CVD. In the field of diagnostics, liquid biopsy combined with modern analytical technologies is the most popular natural source to identify disease biomarkers, as has been successfully demonstrated in the cancer field. While it is not easy to obtain any diseased tissue for different types of CVD such as atherosclerosis, deep vein thrombosis or stroke, liquid biopsies provide a simple and non-invasive alternative to surgical tissue specimens to obtain dynamic molecular information reflecting disease states. The release of cell-free ribonucleic acids (cfRNA) from stressed/damaged/dying and/or necrotic cells is a common physiological phenomenon. CfRNAs are a heterogeneous population of various types of extracellular RNA found in body fluids (blood, urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid) or in association with vascular/atherosclerotic tissue, offering insights into disease pathology on a diagnostic front. In particular, cf-ribosomal RNA has been shown to act as a damaging molecule in several cardio-vascular disease conditions. Moreover, such pathophysiological functions of cfRNA in CVD have been successfully antagonized by the administration of RNases. In this review, we discuss the origin, structure, types, and potential utilization of cfRNA in the diagnosis of CVD. Together with the analysis of established CVD biomarkers, the profiling of cfRNA in body fluids may thereby provide a promising approach for early disease detection and monitoring.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.