神经炎症在神经退行性疾病中的重要性变得越来越明显，与此同时，人类诱导多能干细胞（hiPSC）的生理学和病理学模型正在出现。在这里，我们回顾了 hiPSC 分化为胶质细胞、神经细胞和血脑屏障 (BBB) 细胞类型以及将这些细胞整合为复杂的类器官和嵌合体的新进展。这些进展与在常见的神经退行性疾病（例如阿尔茨海默病（AD）、帕金森病（PD）和多发性硬化症（MS））背景下的神经炎症建模相关。认识到当前的局限性，各种 hiPSC 衍生模型的开发和应用的最新进展显示出帮助识别候选治疗靶点和免疫治疗方法的潜力。由 Elsevier Ltd 出版。

The importance of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases is becoming increasingly evident, and, in parallel, human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) models of physiology and pathology are emerging. Here, we review new advancements in the differentiation of hiPSCs into glial, neural, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) cell types, and the integration of these cells into complex organoids and chimeras. These advancements are relevant for modeling neuroinflammation in the context of prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). With awareness of current limitations, recent progress in the development and application of various hiPSC-derived models shows potential for aiding the identification of candidate therapeutic targets and immunotherapy approaches.Published by Elsevier Ltd.