男孩和女孩的肛门生殖器距离 (AGD)（从肛门到生殖器的距离）是否从婴儿期（3 个月）到 9 岁相关？在男孩中，AGD 从婴儿期到 9 岁相关，而在女孩中，相关性较弱，特别是在婴儿期和儿童后期之间。AGD 被认为是产前雄激素作用的标志。在男性中，AGD 减少与睾丸癌、不育和精子数量减少有关。在女性中，AGD 与子宫内膜异位症和多囊卵巢综合征相关。在欧登塞儿童队列（一个基于人群的前瞻性出生队列）中，孕妇在怀孕早期就被纳入其中。对 3 岁和 18 个月以及 3、5、7 和 9 岁的儿童重复测量 AGD 和 BMI。1022 年测量了从肛门到阴囊 (AGDas) 和阴茎 (AGDap) 的 AGD。男孩，以及 887 名年龄在 3 个月至 9 岁之间的女孩的后四轮和阴蒂。总共进行了 7706 次评估。根据体重调整 AGD，并计算每个儿童的 SD 分数（个体 AGD 与群体 AGD 平均值之间的差值除以 AGD 的 SD）。对每次测量进行皮尔逊相关系数 (r)，以调查个体 AGD 在儿童时期是否稳定。使用受试者工作特征曲线产生的 AUC 来研究 3 个月（第 20 个百分位）至 9 岁的短期预测值。 在男孩中，AGD/体型指数 SD 评分在婴儿期和 9 岁之间显着相关，AGDA 的相关性最强（r = 0.540 P > 0.001)。在女孩中，婴儿期 AGD 与 9 岁之间的显着相关系数较弱； 3年至9年的AGD之间存在较高的相关系数（P > 0.001）。婴儿期短 AGDA 预测 9 岁男孩的短 AGDA（AUC：0.767，敏感性 0.71，特异性 0.71）。婴儿短 AGDap、阴茎宽度（男孩）和 AGD（女孩）对 9 岁短结局的预测价值较低。与男孩相比，女孩 AGD 测量的测量精度较低，尤其是在婴儿期，因此导致可重复的测量。此外，由于女孩的 AGD 较短，因此相同的绝对测量误差相对更大，可能导致女孩的变异性更大、重现性更低。这可能导致女孩的相关性较男孩弱。在男孩中，AGDA 与体型相关，从婴儿期到 9 岁相关，这表明婴儿期的 AGD 可被视为后期生殖健康的非侵入性标志。需要进一步的后续研究来评估 AGD 的长期个体跟踪以及作为成人生殖健康早期标志的儿童 AGD 评估。这项研究得到了丹麦欧登塞大学医院、丹麦南部地区、市政府的支持丹麦欧登塞、南丹麦大学、欧登塞患者数据探索网络 (OPEN)、丹麦、丹麦研究委员会 (4004-00352B_FSS)、诺和诺德基金会、丹麦（授权号 NNF19OC0058266 和 NNF17OC0029404）、Sygeforsikring Danmark（journalnr . 2021-0173），欧登塞大学医院和 Rigshospitalet 以及 Helsefonden 之间的合作基金会。任何作者不存在可能被视为损害所报告研究公正性的利益冲突。N/A.© 作者 2024。由牛津大学出版社代表欧洲人类生殖和胚胎学学会出版。

Does anogenital distance (AGD) - distance from the anus to the genitals - correlate from infancy (3 months) to the age of 9 years in boys and girls?In boys, AGD correlated from infancy to 9 years of age, whereas in girls, correlations were weaker, especially between infancy and later childhood.AGD is considered a marker for prenatal androgen action. In males, reduced AGD is associated with testicular cancer, infertility, and lower sperm count. In females, AGD is associated with endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome.In the Odense Child Cohort, a prospective population-based birth cohort, pregnant women were enrolled in early pregnancy. AGD and BMI were measured repeatedly in children at ages 3 and 18 months, as well as at 3, 5, 7, and 9 years.AGD was measured from the anus to the scrotum (AGDas) and to the penis (AGDap) in 1022 boys, and to the posterior fourchette and the clitoris in 887 girls repeatedly between the age of 3 months to 9 years. In total, 7706 assessments were made. AGD was adjusted for body weight, and SD scores (the difference between individual AGD and the mean of AGD in the population divided by SD of AGD) were calculated for each child. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) of each measurement was performed to investigate whether individual AGD was stable during childhood. Short predictive values at 3 months (20th percentile) to 9 years were investigated using the AUC produced by the receiver operating characteristic curve.In boys, AGD/body size-index SD score correlated significantly between infancy and 9 years, strongest for AGDas (r = 0.540 P > 0.001). In girls, weaker significant correlation coefficients were found between AGD at infancy and 9 years; higher correlation coefficients were found between AGD from 3 to 9 years (P > 0.001). Short AGDas in infancy predicted short AGDas in boys aged 9 years (AUC: 0.767, sensitivity 0.71, specificity 0.71). The predictive values of short infant AGDap, penile width (in boys), and AGD (in girls) concerning short outcomes at 9 years were low.The AGD measurements are less precisely measurable in girls compared to boys, especially in infancy, resulting in less reproducible measurements. Additionally, because AGD is shorter in girls, the same absolute measurement error is relatively more significant, potentially contributing to greater variability and lower reproducibility in girls. This may contribute to the weaker correlations in girls compared to boys.In boys, AGDas, relative to body size, correlated from infancy to 9 years, suggesting that AGD in infancy can be considered a non-invasive marker of later reproductive health. Further follow-up studies are needed to evaluate long-term individual tracking of AGD as well as assessment of childhood AGD as early marker of adult reproductive health.This study was supported by Odense University Hospital, Denmark, the Region of Southern Denmark, the Municipality of Odense, Denmark, the University of Southern Denmark, Odense Patient data Exploratory Network (OPEN), Denmark, the Danish Research Council (4004-00352B_FSS), Novo Nordisk Foundation, Denmark (grant no. NNF19OC0058266 and NNF17OC0029404), Sygeforsikring Danmark (journalnr. 2021-0173), the Collaborative Foundation between Odense University Hospital and Rigshospitalet, and Helsefonden. There is no conflict of interest of any author that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported.N/A.© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology.