消化系统相关癌症的发病率和死亡率一直很高，这与消化系统免疫微环境的异质性和复杂性有关。此外，多项研究表明消化系统的慢性炎症是癌症发病的原因。因此，控制炎症是阻止癌症发展的潜在策略。先天淋巴细胞 (ILC) 代表与 T 细胞不同的一组异质淋巴细胞。它们通过以不依赖于抗原的方式与细胞因子和免疫细胞相互作用来发挥作用。在消化系统癌症中，从炎症阶段到肿瘤的发展、迁移和转移，ILC被发现与免疫微环境相互作用，并控制或促进这些过程。消化道肿瘤的常规治疗效果有限，因此，ILC 相关免疫疗法是有前途的策略。本研究回顾了不同 ILC 亚群的特征、它们如何与免疫微环境以及慢性炎症相互作用和影响，以及它们在四种常见消化系统肿瘤（包括胰腺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌和肝细胞癌）中的促进或抑制作用。该综述特别强调了 ILC 在慢性炎症与癌症关联中的作用，以及细胞因子疗法和过继性免疫细胞疗法增强免疫疗法的潜力。© 作者。

The incidence and mortality of digestive system-related cancers have always been high and attributed to the heterogeneity and complexity of the immune microenvironment of the digestive system. Furthermore, several studies have shown that chronic inflammation in the digestive system is responsible for cancer incidence; therefore, controlling inflammation is a potential strategy to stop the development of cancer. Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC) represent a heterogeneous group of lymphocytes that exist in contrast to T cells. They function by interacting with cytokines and immune cells in an antigen-independent manner. In the digestive system cancer, from the inflammatory phase to the development, migration, and metastasis of tumors, ILC have been found to interact with the immune microenvironment and either control or promote these processes. The conventional treatments for digestive tumors have limited efficacy, therefore, ILC-associated immunotherapies are promising strategies. This study reviews the characterization of different ILC subpopulations, how they interact with and influence the immune microenvironment as well as chronic inflammation, and their promotional or inhibitory role in four common digestive system tumors, including pancreatic, colorectal, gastric, and hepatocellular cancers. In particular, the review emphasizes the role of ILC in associating chronic inflammation with cancer and the potential for enhanced immunotherapy with cytokine therapy and adoptive immune cell therapy.© The author(s).