活性氧参与癌症和代谢疾病的发病机制，包括糖尿病、肥胖症和脂肪肝疾病。因此，抑制自由基的产生是控制代谢疾病发作和癌症进展的一种有前景的策略。据报道，具有抗氧化活性的各种合成药物和天然产物衍生的化合物对一系列代谢疾病和癌症具有保护作用。这篇综述强调了由于促氧化剂和内源性抗氧化剂分子之间的不平衡导致癌症和代谢疾病的发展和恶化。此外，我们还讨论了调节活性氧产生的蛋白质的功能，作为治疗代谢疾病的策略。我们特别总结了核因子样 2、Sestrin 和血红素加氧酶 1 等蛋白质在代谢疾病和癌症中调节各种抗氧化基因表达的作用。我们收录了最近的文献，讨论了识别抗氧化基因新信号的最新研究，这些信号可以控制代谢疾病和癌症。©作者。

Reactive oxygen species are involved in the pathogenesis of cancers and metabolic diseases, including diabetes, obesity, and fatty liver disease. Thus, inhibiting the generation of free radicals is a promising strategy to control the onset of metabolic diseases and cancer progression. Various synthetic drugs and natural product-derived compounds that exhibit antioxidant activity have been reported to have a protective effect against a range of metabolic diseases and cancer. This review highlights the development and aggravation of cancer and metabolic diseases due to the imbalance between pro-oxidants and endogenous antioxidant molecules. In addition, we discuss the function of proteins that regulate the production of reactive oxygen species as a strategy to treat metabolic diseases. In particular, we summarize the role of proteins such as nuclear factor-like 2, Sestrin, and heme oxygenase-1, which regulate the expression of various antioxidant genes in metabolic diseases and cancer. We have included recent literature to discuss the latest research on identifying novel signals of antioxidant genes that can control metabolic diseases and cancer.© The author(s).