几十年来，癌症因其存活率很低而一直是科学界关注的焦点。来自世界各地的研究人员希望了解问题的核心，即是什么引发了患者的癌症并有助于其进展。许多假设浮出水面，但癌症干细胞 (CSC) 是最具吸引力和说服力的。在这篇综述中，我们通过回顾 CAR-T 细胞（嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞）揭示了该问题的潜在解决方案。这些专门的 T 细胞旨在检测癌细胞上的特定抗原。我们分析了它们的形成步骤，从患者血液中收集 T 细胞并对其进行修改以在其表面展示特定的 CAR 结构，再到将它们重新注射回并评估其功效。我们彻底研究了 CAR 设计的结构，并在不同代中进行了改进。重点扩展到 CSC 的独特特性，例如针对它们的特定标记物如何提高癌症治疗的精确度。尽管取得了成功，但该综述讨论了与 CAR 衍生疗法相关的现有局限性和毒性，强调了持续的研究需求和细化。展望未来，我们将探索旨在优化 CAR-T 细胞疗法的拟议策略，以减轻不良影响，从而改善癌症治疗。© 2024。作者。

For decades cancer remained the center of attention in the scientific community as its survival rates are low. Researchers from all around the world wanted to know the core of the problem as to what initiates cancer in a patient and helps with its progression. Many postulations came to light, but Cancer Stem Cells (CSC) was the most appealing and convincing.In this review, we shed light on a potential solution to the problem by reviewing CAR-T cells (Chimeric antigen receptor T cells). These specialized T cells are designed to detect specific antigens on cancer cells. We analyse the steps of their formation from the collection of T cells from the patient's bloodstream and modifying it to exhibit specific CAR structures on their surfaces, to reinjecting them back and evaluating their efficacy. We thoroughly investigate the structure of the CAR design with improvements across different generations. The focus extends to the unique properties of CSCs as in how targeting specific markers on them can enhance the precision of cancer therapy.Despite the successes, the review discusses the existing limitations and toxicities associated with CAR-derived therapies, highlighting the ongoing need for research and refinement. Looking ahead, we explore proposed strategies aimed at optimizing CAR-T cell therapy to mitigate adverse effects for improved cancer treatments.© 2024. The Author(s).