外泌体因其在众多生物过程中的作用以及作为细胞间通讯介质而被广泛认可。人类癌细胞和正常细胞都可以产生大量的外泌体。它们广泛分散在肿瘤模型动物的胸腔积液、腹水和癌症患者的血浆中。肿瘤细胞通过释放外泌体与宿主细胞相互作用，使它们能够互换各种生物成分。这个微妙而复杂的系统可以通过改变附近和远处的环境来促进肿瘤的生长、侵袭、转移，甚至肿瘤发生。由于存在显着水平的 microRNA 等生物分子，外泌体可以调节免疫系统的刺激或抑制，从而控制肿瘤的生长。然而，microRNA 在外泌体介导的免疫细胞和癌细胞之间通讯中的作用仍知之甚少。本研究旨在获取外泌体 microRNA 在肿瘤免疫和免疫治疗调节中“阴阳”的最新信息，这将有助于当前的癌症治疗和诊断技术。© 2024。作者拥有独家许可纳瓦拉大学。

Exosomes are widely recognized for their roles in numerous biological processes and as intercellular communication mediators. Human cancerous and normal cells can both produce massive amounts of exosomes. They are extensively dispersed in tumor-modeling animals' pleural effusions, ascites, and plasma from people with cancer. Tumor cells interact with host cells by releasing exosomes, which allow them to interchange various biological components. Tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and even tumorigenesis can all be facilitated by this delicate and complex system by modifying the nearby and remote surroundings. Due to the existence of significant levels of biomolecules like microRNA, exosomes can modulate the immune system's stimulation or repression, which in turn controls tumor growth. However, the role of microRNA in exosome-mediated communication between immunological and cancer cells is still poorly understood. This study aims to get the most recent information on the "yin and yang" of exosomal microRNA in the regulation of tumor immunity and immunotherapy, which will aid current cancer treatment and diagnostic techniques.© 2024. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to University of Navarra.