在呼吸过程中，机械应力会引发影响呼吸系统的生物反应。机械应力在呼吸系统的发育中起着至关重要的作用。然而，病理性机械应力可以通过影响细胞外基质和细胞转导过程来影响呼吸系统疾病的发作和进展。在本文中，我们探讨了机械力与细胞沟通和影响细胞的机制。我们概述了呼吸力学的基础知识，从微观角度阐明了机械刺激在影响呼吸系统发育和分化中的重要作用。我们还探讨了机械转导在哮喘、肺损伤、肺纤维化和肺癌等呼吸系统疾病发病机制和发展中的潜在机制。最后，我们期待细胞力转导的新研究方向，旨在为未来呼吸系统疾病的治疗研究提供新的见解。

During respiration, mechanical stress can initiate biological responses that impact the respiratory system. Mechanical stress plays a crucial role in the development of the respiratory system. However, pathological mechanical stress can impact the onset and progression of respiratory diseases by influencing the extracellular matrix and cell transduction processes. In this article, we explore the mechanisms by which mechanical forces communicate with and influence cells. We outline the basic knowledge of respiratory mechanics, elucidating the important role of mechanical stimulation in influencing respiratory system development and differentiation from a microscopic perspective. We also explore the potential mechanisms of mechanical transduction in the pathogenesis and development of respiratory diseases such as asthma, lung injury, pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer. Finally, we look forward to new research directions in cellular mechanotransduction, aiming to provide fresh insights for future therapeutic research on respiratory diseases.