《药理学和毒理学年度评论》第 65 卷中的评论涵盖了药理学和毒理学的各种主题，重点关注从临床前研究到临床试验的途径。其中许多评论讨论了新治疗靶点和/或新治疗方法的识别和验证。例如，重点关注肥胖、神经精神疾病、帕金森病、物质使用障碍、肝纤维化、心律失常、慢性肠道炎症、前列腺癌、免疫肿瘤学、镰状细胞病和蛇咬伤中毒治疗的评论。其他主题包括生物制剂的药物发现、微生理系统、人类诱导多能干细胞衍生的类器官以及与人工智能方法相结合的器官芯片技术。总之，这些评论和其他评论为毒理学各方面的评估提供了新的见解，并让读者了解药理学和毒理学的进展，我们相信这些进展将促进医疗保健和环境安全。

The reviews in Volume 65 of the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology cover a wide variety of topics in pharmacology and toxicology focused upon the pathway from preclinical studies to clinical trials. Many of these reviews discuss the identification and validation of new therapeutic targets and/or novel therapeutic approaches. Examples include reviews that focus on the treatment of obesity, neuropsychiatric disorders, Parkinson's disease, substance use disorders, liver fibrosis, cardiac arrythmias, chronic intestinal inflammation, prostate cancer, immuno-oncology, sickle cell disease, and snakebite envenoming. Other topics include drug discovery of biologics, microphysiological systems, and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids and organ-on-chip technology integrated with artificial intelligence methodologies. Together, these and other reviews give new insights into the assessment of aspects of toxicology and provide readers a glimpse of advances in pharmacology and toxicology that we believe will advance health care and environmental safety.