Onco-microRNA (onco-miRNA) 是基因表达转录后调控的重要参与者，在肿瘤发生中发挥着至关重要的作用。关于表观转录组修饰的新信息正在出现，这些修饰涉及肿瘤 miRNA 的生物发生，以及它们与负责其加工和分类的调节因子相互作用的调节。在这篇综述中，我们强调了碱基修饰、序列基序和二级结构对 miRNA 加工和分类的贡献。我们重点关注 RNA 结合蛋白 (RBP) 在这些过程中的几种作用模式。此外，我们描述了新出现的场景，该场景显示了选定的 DNA 修复蛋白在积极参与这些事件中发挥了意想不到但重要的作用，强调了由 Apurinic/apyrimidinened endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APE1) 的非规范功能所代表的原始干预，APE1 是一种核心的 DNA 修复蛋白。 DNA 损伤的碱基切除修复 (BER) 途径中的重要参与者。利用这些新知识将有助于探索新的癌症诊断和治疗策略。© 2024。作者，获得 Springer Nature America, Inc. 的独家许可。

Onco-microRNAs (onco-miRNAs) are essential players in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and exert a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Novel information about the epitranscriptomic modifications, involved in onco-miRNAs biogenesis, and in the modulation of their interplay with regulatory factors responsible for their processing and sorting are emerging. In this review, we highlight the contribution of bases modifications, sequence motifs, and secondary structures on miRNAs processing and sorting. We focus on several modes of action of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) on these processes. Moreover, we describe the new emerging scenario that shows an unexpected though essential role of selected DNA repair proteins in actively participating in these events, highlighting the original intervention represented by the non-canonical functions of Apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APE1), a central player in Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway of DNA lesions. Taking advantage of this new knowledge will help in prospecting new cancer diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.