免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）彻底改变了癌症治疗，包括两种最常见的肝脏肿瘤：肝细胞癌和胆管癌，但它们在围移植期的使用存在争议。 ICI 疗法旨在增强细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞对肿瘤的反应。然而，肿瘤复发很常见，因为肿瘤免疫反应逃逸涉及通过干扰抗原呈递、触发CLT细胞凋亡和诱导促进ICI治疗耐药的表观遗传变化来消除CTL反应。 ICI 还会影响组织驻留记忆 T 细胞群，影响移植后的耐受性，并诱发急性炎症，危及移植后移植物的存活。它们与免疫抑制的相互作用可能是减轻肿瘤负荷的关键，因此可能需要多模式疗法来治疗这些肿瘤。本综述总结了 ICI 在肝移植期间的使用、其对耐受性和耐药性的影响，以及肝肿瘤联合或序贯治疗的新潜在疗法。版权所有 © 2024 作者。由爱思唯尔公司出版。保留所有权利。

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy, including the two most common liver tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, but their use in the peri-transplantation period is controversial. ICI therapy aims to heighten cytotoxic T lymphocytes response against tumors. However, tumor recurrence is common owing to tumor immune response escape involving ablation of CTL response by interfering with antigen presentation, triggering CLT apoptosis and inducing epigenetic changes that promote ICI therapy resistance. ICI can also affect tissue resident memory T cell population, impact tolerance in the post-transplant period, and induce acute inflammation risking graft survival post-transplant. Their interaction with immunosuppression may be key in reducing tumor burden and may thus, require multimodal therapy to treat these tumors. This review summarizes ICI use in the liver transplantation period, their impact on tolerance and resistance, and new potential therapies for combination or sequential treatments for liver tumors.Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.