肿瘤微环境（TME）是一个复杂且异质的系统，包含各种相互合作和竞争的细胞。形式和内容不同的细胞外囊泡 (EV) 是 TME 中重要的细胞间通讯介质。之前的研究主要集中在电动汽车内的货物，而不是它们来源的供体和发挥其作用的受体细胞。因此，我们在此详细概述了 EV 在塑造肿瘤命运中的重要作用，强调了它们在 TME 中细胞间对话的各种机制。我们评估最新进展，并提出未解决的挑战，为使用 EV 的临床治疗策略提供新思路。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier Ltd。保留所有权利。

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and heterogeneous system containing various cells cooperating and competing with each other. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) differing in form and content are important intercellular communication mediators in the TME. Previous studies have focused on the cargoes within EVs rather than on the donors from which they originate and the recipient cells that exert their effects. Therefore, we provide here a detailed overview of the important roles of EVs in shaping tumor fate, highlighting their various mechanisms of intercellular dialog within the TME. We evaluate recent advances and also raise unresolved challenges to provide new ideas for clinical treatment strategies using EVs.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.