世界卫生组织早在 1994 年就将幽门螺杆菌列为 I 类胃癌致癌物。然而，尽管幽门螺杆菌感染患病率很高，但只有约 3% 的感染者最终发展为胃癌，其中高毒力的幽门螺杆菌菌株表达细胞毒素相关蛋白（CagA）和空泡细胞毒素（VacA）是胃癌发生的关键因素。众所周知，H. pylori感染根据血清中是否存在CagA和VacA毒素分为两种类型，即致癌I型感染（CagA /VacA 、CagA /VacA-、CagA-/VacA ）和非致癌性 II 型感染（CagA-/VacA-）。目前，这两种致癌毒素的主动模式检测主要是通过对其血清学抗体进行诊断来完成。然而，该方法受到昂贵试剂和复杂程序的限制。因此，建立一种快速、准确且经济高效的致癌性幽门螺杆菌感染血清学分析方法对于有效指导幽门螺杆菌根除和胃癌预防具有重要意义。在这项研究中，我们开发了一种新颖的方法，将表面增强拉曼光谱与深度学习算法卷积神经网络相结合，创建一个模型来区分 I 型和 II 型幽门螺杆菌感染的血清样本。该方法有可能促进在人群水平上快速筛查具有高致癌风险的幽门螺杆菌感染，当用于指导根除幽门螺杆菌感染时，可以对降低胃癌发病率产生长期益处。© 2024作者们。

WHO classified Helicobacter pylori as a Group I carcinogen for gastric cancer as early as 1994. However, despite the high prevalence of H. pylori infection, only about 3 % of infected individuals eventually develop gastric cancer, with the highly virulent H. pylori strains expressing cytotoxin-associated protein (CagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) being critical factors in gastric carcinogenesis. It is well known that H. pylori infection is divided into two types in terms of the presence and absence of CagA and VacA toxins in serum, that is, carcinogenic Type I infection (CagA+/VacA+, CagA+/VacA-, CagA-/VacA+) and non-carcinogenic Type II infection (CagA-/VacA-). Currently, detecting the two carcinogenic toxins in active modes is mainly done by diagnosing their serological antibodies. However, the method is restricted by expensive reagents and intricate procedures. Therefore, establishing a rapid, accurate, and cost-effective way for serological profiling of carcinogenic H. pylori infection holds significant implications for effectively guiding H. pylori eradication and gastric cancer prevention. In this study, we developed a novel method by combining surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with the deep learning algorithm convolutional neural network to create a model for distinguishing between serum samples with Type I and Type II H. pylori infections. This method holds the potential to facilitate rapid screening of H. pylori infections with high risks of carcinogenesis at the population level, which can have long-term benefits in reducing gastric cancer incidence when used for guiding the eradication of H. pylori infections.© 2024 The Authors.