生物系统包含由 RNA-蛋白质相互作用控制的复杂网络，这些网络在细胞功能中发挥着关键作用。 RNA 和蛋白质分别占哺乳动物细胞重量的 1.1% 和 18%，协调着从基因组组织到翻译的重要过程。迄今为止，解开人类基因组的功能部分已成为一项重大挑战，特别是对于非编码区域而言，但最近的发现已开始揭示非编码 RNA (ncRNA) 的一系列调控功能。虽然 ncRNA 在细胞内以不同的大小、结构、进化保守程度和丰度存在，但它们单独或组合发挥着不同的作用。然而，某些 ncRNA 亚型，包括那些已被描述或仍有待发现的亚型，由于其异质性而很难被表征。在大多数情况下，RNA 活性是通过与 RNA 结合蛋白 (RBP) 的相互作用来协调的。人们正在付出广泛的努力来准确重建 RNA-RBP 调控网络，这为细胞生理学和人类疾病提供了前所未有的见解。在这篇综述中，我们提供了 RNA 和 RBP 的全面视图，重点关注它们的相互作用如何在活细胞中产生功能信号，特别是在转录后调控过程和癌症的背景下。© 2024。作者。

Biological systems encompass intricate networks governed by RNA-protein interactions that play pivotal roles in cellular functions. RNA and proteins constituting 1.1% and 18% of the mammalian cell weight, respectively, orchestrate vital processes from genome organization to translation. To date, disentangling the functional fraction of the human genome has presented a major challenge, particularly for noncoding regions, yet recent discoveries have started to unveil a host of regulatory functions for noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). While ncRNAs exist at different sizes, structures, degrees of evolutionary conservation and abundances within the cell, they partake in diverse roles either alone or in combination. However, certain ncRNA subtypes, including those that have been described or remain to be discovered, are poorly characterized given their heterogeneous nature. RNA activity is in most cases coordinated through interactions with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Extensive efforts are being made to accurately reconstruct RNA-RBP regulatory networks, which have provided unprecedented insight into cellular physiology and human disease. In this review, we provide a comprehensive view of RNAs and RBPs, focusing on how their interactions generate functional signals in living cells, particularly in the context of post-transcriptional regulatory processes and cancer.© 2024. The Author(s).