面对塔斯马尼亚恶魔的可传染性癌症的自适应潜力
Adaptive potential in the face of a transmissible cancer in Tasmanian devils
影响因子:3.90000
分区:生物学1区 Top / 生态学1区 生化与分子生物学2区 进化生物学2区
发表日期:2024 Nov
作者:
Kasha Strickland, Menna E Jones, Andrew Storfer, Rodrigo K Hamede, Paul A Hohenlohe, Mark J Margres, Hamish I McCallum, Sebastien Comte, Shelly Lachish, Loeske E B Kruuk
摘要
新兴的传染病（EID）不仅会导致野生动植物种群中的灾难性下降，而且会产生可能导致快速进化反应的选择性压力。一个开斋节是塔斯马尼亚魔鬼的魔鬼面部肿瘤疾病（DFTD）。 DFTD几乎总是致命的，并且将个人的平均寿命降低了大约2年，可能会导致对降低疾病易感性的特征进行强烈的选择，但人口下降也使塔斯马尼亚州的魔鬼容易受到近亲抑郁症的影响。 We analysed 22 years of data from an ongoing study of a population of Tasmanian devils on Freycinet Peninsula, Tasmania, to (1) identify whether DFTD may be causing selection on body size, by estimating phenotypic and genetic correlations between DFTD and size traits, (2) estimate the additive genetic variance of susceptibility to DFTD, and (3) investigate whether size traits or susceptibility to DFTD处于近交抑郁症之下。我们发现头部宽度和对DFTD的敏感性之间存在积极的表型关系，但这并不是遗传相关性的基础。相反，我们发现体重和对DFTD的敏感性之间存在负面的表型关系，并且有证据表明对DFTD和体重的敏感性之间存在负相关。对DFTD，头部宽度和体重的敏感性存在加性遗传差异，但是没有证据表明这些特征中的任何一个都有近交抑郁症。这些结果表明，塔斯马尼亚魔鬼有可能适应DFTD，尽管实现的进化反应将在关键上进一步取决于DFTD本身的演变。
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) not only cause catastrophic declines in wildlife populations but also generate selective pressures that may result in rapid evolutionary responses. One such EID is devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) in the Tasmanian devil. DFTD is almost always fatal and has reduced the average lifespan of individuals by around 2 years, likely causing strong selection for traits that reduce susceptibility to the disease, but population decline has also left Tasmanian devils vulnerable to inbreeding depression. We analysed 22 years of data from an ongoing study of a population of Tasmanian devils on Freycinet Peninsula, Tasmania, to (1) identify whether DFTD may be causing selection on body size, by estimating phenotypic and genetic correlations between DFTD and size traits, (2) estimate the additive genetic variance of susceptibility to DFTD, and (3) investigate whether size traits or susceptibility to DFTD were under inbreeding depression. We found a positive phenotypic relationship between head width and susceptibility to DFTD, but this was not underpinned by a genetic correlation. Conversely, we found a negative phenotypic relationship between body weight and susceptibility to DFTD, and there was evidence for a negative genetic correlation between susceptibility to DFTD and body weight. There was additive genetic variance in susceptibility to DFTD, head width and body weight, but there was no evidence for inbreeding depression in any of these traits. These results suggest that Tasmanian devils have the potential to respond adaptively to DFTD, although the realised evolutionary response will critically further depend on the evolution of DFTD itself.