非编码RNA (ncRNA)，包括环状RNA (circRNA)和长非编码RNA (lncRNA)，是真核基因组中广泛鉴定的独特RNA分子。它们的失调已被发现，并在包括各种癌症在内的许多疾病的发病机制中发挥着关键作用。以前被认为缺乏蛋白质编码能力，最近的研究表明，这些 ncRNA 中的少量开放阅读框 (ORF) 赋予它们蛋白质编码的潜力。这些ncRNA衍生的肽或蛋白质已被证明可以通过不同的机制调节各种生理和病理过程。它们在疾病诊断和靶向治疗中的新兴作用强调了它们在临床环境中的潜在用途。这篇综合综述旨在系统概述 lncRNA 和 circRNA 编码的蛋白质或肽，阐明其产生和功能机制，并探索其在癌症诊断、疾病预测和靶向治疗中的前景应用。© 2024。作者。

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are unique RNA molecules widely identified in the eukaryotic genome. Their dysregulation has been discovered and played key roles in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including various cancers. Previously considered devoid of protein-coding ability, recent research has revealed that a small number of open reading frames (ORFs) within these ncRNAs endow them with the potential for protein coding. These ncRNAs-derived peptides or proteins have been proven to regulate various physiological and pathological processes through diverse mechanisms. Their emerging roles in disease diagnosis and targeted therapy underscore their potential utility in clinical settings. This comprehensive review aims to provide a systematic overview of proteins or peptides encoded by lncRNAs and circRNAs, elucidate their production and functional mechanisms, and explore their promising applications in cancer diagnosis, disease prediction, and targeted therapy.© 2024. The Author(s).