VEGFR-TKI在癌症治疗中的高血压毒性：发病率，机制和管理策略
Hypertension toxicity of VEGFR-TKIs in cancer treatment: incidence, mechanisms, and management strategies
影响因子:6.90000
分区:医学2区 / 毒理学1区
发表日期:2025 Jan
作者:
Yan-Xi Du, Xu Li, Si-Wen Ji, Na Niu
摘要
血管内皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（VEGFR-TKIS）是一类靶向抗癌药，其中包括pazopanib，Sunitinib，Axitinib等。目前，VEGFR-TKI被广泛用于各种肿瘤的临床治疗，这可以延长患者的生存，甚至可以治愈肿瘤。但是，VEGFR-TKI的使用经常与心血管不良事件的发生有关，高血压最为普遍。高血压及其并发症会显着影响患者的预后，可能危害他们的生活，并导致严重病例的减少甚至停止治疗。这篇综述介绍了由于VEGFR-TKI，毒性机制，管理策略和未来的研究方向引起的高血压发病率。此外，由于VEGFR-TKI引起的高血压可能与盐的敏感性有关，高血压副作用的可能机制是血管舒张器失衡，毛细管密度降低，肾脏损伤，氧化应激降低，由于氧化应激降低，淋巴管密度降低而导致的内皮功能受损，以及“淋巴管密度，以及“非限制效应”。对通过VEGFR-TKI治疗癌症治疗引起的高血压毒性的全面了解可以增强临床实践，从而改善肿瘤学患者VEGFR-TKI的预后结果。
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs) are a class of targeted anticancer agents that include pazopanib, sunitinib, axitinib, and others. Currently, VEGFR-TKIs are widely used in the clinical treatment of various tumors, which can prolong patients' survival and even cure tumors. However, the use of VEGFR-TKIs is frequently associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular adverse events, with hypertension being the most prevalent. Hypertension and its complications can significantly impact the prognosis of patients, potentially jeopardizing their lives and resulting in the reduction or even cessation of treatment in severe cases. This review addresses the incidence of hypertension due to VEGFR-TKIs, mechanisms of toxicity, management strategies, and future research directions. In addition, hypertension due to VEGFR-TKIs may be associated with salt sensitivity, and possible mechanisms of hypertensive side effects are vasodilator imbalance, decreased capillary density, renal injury, impaired endothelial function due to oxidative stress, decreased lymphatic vascular density, and "off-target effect". A comprehensive understanding of hypertension toxicity due to cancer treatment with VEGFR-TKIs, can enhance clinical practice, thereby improving the prognostic outcomes of VEGFR-TKIs in oncology patients.