本文对宫颈癌的主要病因——人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 进行了深入综述，探讨了其病理生理学、流行病学和肿瘤发生机制。我们研究了蛋白质、DNA 甲基化标记物和非编码 RNA 作为宫颈癌预测生物标记物的作用，强调了它们在改进诊断和预后实践中的潜力。对宫颈癌筛查方法（包括巴氏涂片、HPV 检测、细胞学和 HPV 检测以及阴道镜检查技术）的演变和功效进行了批判性分析。此外，文章还深入探讨了预防性 HPV 疫苗和治疗性疫苗的现状和未来前景，强调了它们在预防和潜在治疗 HPV 相关疾病方面的重要性。这篇全面的综述旨在综合该领域的最新进展和当前的挑战，为宫颈癌预防和管理的未来研究和临床策略奠定基础。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。

This article provides an in-depth review of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a predominant etiological factor in cervical cancer, exploring its pathophysiology, epidemiology, and mechanisms of oncogenesis. We examine the role of proteins, DNA methylation markers, and non-coding RNAs as predictive biomarkers in cervical cancer, highlighting their potential in refining diagnostic and prognostic practices. The evolution and efficacy of cervical cancer screening methods, including the Papanicolaou smear, HPV testing, cytology and HPV test, and colposcopy techniques, are critically analyzed. Furthermore, the article delves into the current landscape and future prospects of prophylactic HPV vaccines and therapeutic vaccines, underscoring their significance in the prevention and potential treatment of HPV-related diseases. This comprehensive review aims to synthesize recent advances and ongoing challenges in the field, providing a foundation for future research and clinical strategies in the prevention and management of cervical cancer.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.