内部暴露于杂食动物，素食主义者和严格的生食者中的热诱导的食物污染物：暴露于2-氯丙基二酚（尿液排泄）和甘氨酸（血红蛋白加合物n-2,3-二羟基丙基 - val）的生物标志物
Internal exposure to heat-induced food contaminants in omnivores, vegans and strict raw food eaters: biomarkers of exposure to 2- and 3-monochloropropanediol (urinary excretion) and glycidol (hemoglobin adduct N-2,3-dihydroxypropyl-Val)
影响因子:6.90000
分区:医学2区 / 毒理学1区
发表日期:2025 Jan
作者:
Bernhard H Monien, Jan Kuhlmann, Fabian Gauch, Cornelia Weikert, Klaus Abraham
摘要
2/3单氯丙基甲二醇（2/3-MCPD）和甘同性醇的脂肪酸酯主要在植物油的热加工（除臭化）过程中形成，并被胃肠道中的脂肪酶水解，导致2/3-MCPD和Glycidol的吸收。国际癌症研究机构（IARC）已将3-MCPD归类为可能对人类的致癌性。当前工作的目的是阐明与不同饮食习惯（杂食，素食主义者，生食饮食）相关的2/3-MCPD和甘同性素的接触，以及2017年至2021年在德国研究参与者中的暴露开发。 The questions were addressed using the daily urinary excretion of 2/3-MCPD and the hemoglobin adduct N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-Val (DHP-Val) formed from glycidol as biomarkers of exposure, which were determined in two dietary studies including 36 omnivores, 36 vegans and 16 strict raw food eaters (abstaining from any heated food for at least four months).在非吸烟杂食和素食主义者中2和3-MCPD的中位尿液排泄分别为0.87和1.35 µg/天（2-MCPD），分别为0.79和0.79和1.03 µg/天（3-MCPD）。生食者尿液样品中的2/3-MCPD浓度通常低于检测极限。非吸烟素食和杂食动物中的DHP-VAL水平中位数为3.9 pmol/g HB，生食者中的1.9 pmol/g HB。在2017年至2021年之间，暴露于3-MCPD和甘同性酚没有改变，但是，中位2-MCPD排泄减少（P = 0.02，杂食和素食主义者）。 2/3-MCPD相距4年的每日排泄之间的相关性较弱，而在此期限内，DHP-VAL（卢比= 0.66）观察到中等相关性。总之，在杂食和素食主义者中暴露于甘氨酸的情况相同，而素食主义者的2/3-MCPD暴露在某种程度上（尽管没有显着）。尽管在生食者的尿液样品中几乎无法检测到2/3-MCPD，但中位DHP-VAL水平（约占杂食动物的50％）表明甘氨酸来源与饮食暴露无关。
Abstract
Fatty acid esters of 2/3-monochloropropanediol (2/3-MCPD) and glycidol are formed mainly during heat processing (deodorization) of vegetable oils, and are hydrolyzed by lipases in the gastrointestinal tract leading to the absorption of 2/3-MCPD and glycidol. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified 3-MCPD as possibly and glycidol as probably carcinogenic to humans. The aims of the current work were to clarify the exposure to 2/3-MCPD and glycidol associated with different dietary habits (omnivore, vegan, raw-food eating), and the exposure development between 2017 and 2021 in German study participants. The questions were addressed using the daily urinary excretion of 2/3-MCPD and the hemoglobin adduct N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-Val (DHP-Val) formed from glycidol as biomarkers of exposure, which were determined in two dietary studies including 36 omnivores, 36 vegans and 16 strict raw food eaters (abstaining from any heated food for at least four months). The median urinary excretion of 2- and 3-MCPD in non-smoking omnivores and vegans was 0.87 and 1.35 µg/day (2-MCPD), respectively, and 0.79 and 1.03 µg/day (3-MCPD), respectively. The 2/3-MCPD concentrations in urine samples of raw food eaters were usually below the limit of detection. The median DHP-Val levels in non-smoking vegans and omnivores were 3.9 pmol/g Hb each, and 1.9 pmol/g Hb in raw food eaters. Between 2017 and 2021, the exposure to 3-MCPD and glycidol did not change, however, the median 2-MCPD excretion decreased (p = 0.02, omnivores and vegans combined). The correlation between daily excretions of 2/3-MCPD determined 4 years apart was weak, whereas a moderate correlation was observed for DHP-Val (rS = 0.66) in this timeframe. In conclusion, the exposure to glycidol in omnivores and vegans was alike, whereas the 2/3-MCPD exposure was somewhat (albeit not significantly) higher in vegans. While 2/3-MCPD were hardly detectable in urine samples of raw food eaters, the median DHP-Val level (about 50% of those in omnivores) indicates a glycidol source independent of the dietary exposure.