2/3-一氯丙二醇（2/3-MCPD）和缩水甘油的脂肪酸酯主要在植物油的热处理（脱臭）过程中形成，并在胃肠道中被脂肪酶水解，导致2/3-MCPD被吸收和缩水甘油。国际癌症研究机构 (IARC) 将 3-MCPD 归类为可能对人类致癌，将缩水甘油归类为可能对人类致癌。当前工作的目的是澄清与不同饮食习惯（杂食动物、素食、生食）相关的 2/3-MCPD 和缩水甘油暴露情况，以及德国研究参与者 2017 年至 2021 年间的暴露发展情况。使用 2/3-MCPD 的每日尿排泄量和由缩水甘油形成的血红蛋白加合物 N-(2,3-二羟丙基)-Val (DHP-Val) 作为暴露生物标志物来解决这些问题，这些生物标志物是在两项饮食研究中确定的其中包括 36 名杂食者、36 名纯素食者和 16 名严格生食者（至少四个月内不吃任何加热食物）。不吸烟的杂食动物和纯素食者中 2- 和 3-MCPD 的中位尿排泄量分别为 0.87 和 1.35 µg/天 (2-MCPD)，以及 0.79 和 1.03 µg/天 (3-MCPD)。生食者尿液样本中的 2/3-MCPD 浓度通常低于检测限。不吸烟的素食者和杂食者的 DHP-Val 中位水平分别为 3.9 pmol/g Hb，生食者的 DHP-Val 水平中位数为 1.9 pmol/g Hb。 2017 年至 2021 年间，3-MCPD 和缩水甘油的暴露量没有变化，但 2-MCPD 排泄量中位数下降（p = 0.02，杂食动物和纯素食者合计）。间隔 4 年确定的 2/3-MCPD 每日排泄量之间的相关性较弱，而在此时间范围内观察到 DHP-Val (rS = 0.66) 具有中等相关性。总之，杂食动物和纯素食者的缩水甘油暴露量相似，而纯素食者的 2/3-MCPD 暴露量稍高（尽管不显着）。虽然在生食者的尿液样本中很难检测到 2/3-MCPD，但 DHP-Val 水平中位数（杂食动物中的大约 50%）表明缩水甘油来源与饮食暴露无关。© 2024。作者。

Fatty acid esters of 2/3-monochloropropanediol (2/3-MCPD) and glycidol are formed mainly during heat processing (deodorization) of vegetable oils, and are hydrolyzed by lipases in the gastrointestinal tract leading to the absorption of 2/3-MCPD and glycidol. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified 3-MCPD as possibly and glycidol as probably carcinogenic to humans. The aims of the current work were to clarify the exposure to 2/3-MCPD and glycidol associated with different dietary habits (omnivore, vegan, raw-food eating), and the exposure development between 2017 and 2021 in German study participants. The questions were addressed using the daily urinary excretion of 2/3-MCPD and the hemoglobin adduct N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-Val (DHP-Val) formed from glycidol as biomarkers of exposure, which were determined in two dietary studies including 36 omnivores, 36 vegans and 16 strict raw food eaters (abstaining from any heated food for at least four months). The median urinary excretion of 2- and 3-MCPD in non-smoking omnivores and vegans was 0.87 and 1.35 µg/day (2-MCPD), respectively, and 0.79 and 1.03 µg/day (3-MCPD), respectively. The 2/3-MCPD concentrations in urine samples of raw food eaters were usually below the limit of detection. The median DHP-Val levels in non-smoking vegans and omnivores were 3.9 pmol/g Hb each, and 1.9 pmol/g Hb in raw food eaters. Between 2017 and 2021, the exposure to 3-MCPD and glycidol did not change, however, the median 2-MCPD excretion decreased (p = 0.02, omnivores and vegans combined). The correlation between daily excretions of 2/3-MCPD determined 4 years apart was weak, whereas a moderate correlation was observed for DHP-Val (rS = 0.66) in this timeframe. In conclusion, the exposure to glycidol in omnivores and vegans was alike, whereas the 2/3-MCPD exposure was somewhat (albeit not significantly) higher in vegans. While 2/3-MCPD were hardly detectable in urine samples of raw food eaters, the median DHP-Val level (about 50% of those in omnivores) indicates a glycidol source independent of the dietary exposure.© 2024. The Author(s).