近年来，免疫疗法作为触发强大抗肿瘤免疫反应的手段的发展已经彻底改变了癌症治疗。尽管具有潜力，但癌症免疫疗法的有效性受到低反应率和显着的全身副作用的阻碍。纳米技术成为塑造癌症免疫治疗未来的一个有前途的前沿领域。这篇综述阐明了纳米医学在重塑免疫肿瘤微环境中的关键作用，并探讨了不同研究小组为提高癌症免疫治疗的疗效而追求的创新策略。它讨论了癌症免疫治疗中遇到的障碍以及纳米医学在小分子免疫调节剂和核酸治疗中的应用。它还强调了纳米技术促进的 DNA 和 mRNA 疫苗的进步，并概述了这一不断发展的领域的未来发展轨迹。总的来说，将纳米医学整合到癌症免疫疗法中是解决免疫肿瘤微环境复杂性的一个有前途的途径。免疫检查点抑制剂和癌症疫苗等创新已显示出希望。未来的发展可能会通过人工智能优化纳米颗粒设计，并创造出生物相容性、多功能纳米颗粒，有望实现更有效、个性化和持久的癌症治疗，在可预见的未来可能会改变该领域。

In recent years, the evolution of immunotherapy as a means to trigger a robust antitumor immune response has revolutionized cancer treatment. Despite its potential, the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy is hindered by low response rates and significant systemic side effects. Nanotechnology emerges as a promising frontier in shaping the future of cancer immunotherapy.This review elucidates the pivotal role of nanomedicine in reshaping the immune tumor microenvironment and explores innovative strategies pursued by diverse research groups to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. It discusses the hurdles encountered in cancer immunotherapy and the application of nanomedicine for small molecule immune modulators and nucleic acid therapeutics. It also highlights the advancements in DNA and mRNA vaccines facilitated by nanotechnology and outlines future trajectories in this evolving field.Collectively, the integration of nanomedicine into cancer immunotherapy stands as a promising avenue to tackle the intricacies of the immune tumor microenvironment. Innovations such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and cancer vaccines have shown promise. Future developments will likely optimize nanoparticle design through artificial intelligence and create biocompatible, multifunctional nanoparticles, promising more effective, personalized, and durable cancer treatments, potentially transforming the field in the foreseeable future.