在电子废弃物附近生长的可食用蔬菜：潜在健康风险与消费者DNA损伤的研究

Edible vegetables grown in the vicinity of electronic wastes: A study of potential health risks and DNA damage in consumers

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TOXICOLOGY

影响因子:4.6

分区:医学3区 / 药学2区毒理学2区

发表日期:2024 Dec

作者: Okunola A Alabi

DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153963

摘要

近年来，人们越来越关注生长在/附近/内的可食用植物对健康的影响。本研究调查了尼日利亚一家主要非正式电子废弃物堆场附近生长的两种可食用蔬菜：Amaranthus hybridus和Talinum triangulare（Jacq）。测定了这些蔬菜中多环芳香烃（PAHs）、多氯联苯（PCBs）、多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）及重金属的含量。通过危害指数（HI）、终生癌症风险（LCR）、估算每日摄入量（EDI）和危害商（HQ）评估了食用这些蔬菜的健康风险。利用Ames Salmonella突变实验（包括Salmonella typhimurium TA100和TA98）及SOS染色体突变测试（针对大肠杆菌PQ37）评价了蔬菜的致突变性和基因毒性。这两种蔬菜中的重金属、PBDEs、PCBs及有害PAHs的水平都偏高。与A. hybridus相比，T. triangulare的污染更为严重。 organic成分和重金属的含量呈正相关。HQ、HI和LCR的水平均高于建议的标准值，提示存在显著的致癌和非致癌风险，尤其对儿童而言更为严重。Ames测试中，即使在50%的浓度下，两个蔬菜依然表现出突变性，SOS染色体突变测试结果也证实其具有基因毒性。这项研究表明，生长在堆场附近的农作物存在潜在危害，建议采取措施，防止农民或个人利用堆场的污泥作为肥料或在过去或当前用作堆场的土壤中种植。

Abstract

There has been a growing concern on the health effect of edible plants growing near/on/within the vicinity of dumpsites. This study investigated two edible vegetables: Amarathus hybridus and Talinum triangulare (Jacq) grown in the vicinity of a major informal dumpsite of electronic waste in Nigeria. The levels of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and heavy metal concentrations in the vegetables were measured. The health risks of consuming the vegetables were assessed using the hazard index (HI), lifetime cancer risk (LCR), estimated daily intake (EDI), and hazard quotient (HQ). Using the Ames Salmonella fluctuation test on Salmonella typhimurium (TA100 and TA98) and the SOS chromo test on Escherichia coli (PQ37), the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of the vegetables were evaluated. The two vegetables have elevated levels of heavy metals, PBDEs, PCBs, and hazardous PAHs. Compared to A. hybridus, T. triangulare was more contaminated. The amounts of organic constituents and heavy metals in the vegetables correlated favorably. The levels of the HQ, HI, and LCR were above the suggested guideline values, indicating a significant risk of both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic consequences, particularly in children. The two vegetables were mutagenic even at 50 % concentration in the Ames test. This was corroborated with SOS-chromo test results showing that the two vegetables were indeed genotoxic. This study demonstrated the harmful effects of growing food crops close to dumpsites; therefore, sufficient measures should be implemented to stop farmers and individuals from utilizing dirt from dumps as fertilizer or from planting in soil that has been used as a dump in the past or present.