乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH) 是糖酵解中的关键酶，负责将丙酮酸转化为乳酸，反之亦然。乳酸在肿瘤进展和转移中起着至关重要的作用；因此，通过抑制LDH来减少乳酸的产生被认为是治疗癌症的最佳策略。此外，LDH 活性失调与其他病理相关，例如心血管和神经退行性疾病以及原发性高草酸尿症、纤维化和隐孢子虫病。因此，LDH 抑制剂可以作为治疗这些病理状况的潜在疗法。这篇综述涵盖了 Espacenet 数据库中自 2014 年以来发布的专利，涉及 LDH 抑制剂及其潜在的治疗应用。在过去 10 年里，不同的化合物已被开发出来。被鉴定为LDH抑制剂。其中一些源自已知LDH抑制剂（例如吡唑基衍生物、喹啉3-磺酰胺）的化学优化，而另一些则属于新确定的LDH抑制剂化学类别。 LDH 抑制已被证明是一种有前途的治疗策略，不仅可以预防人类疾病，而且还可以治疗动物疾病。学术界和制药行业公布的专利突显了科学界对开发高效 LDH 抑制剂的持续高度兴趣。

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a key enzyme in glycolysis responsible for the conversion of pyruvate into lactate and vice versa. Lactate plays a crucial role in tumor progression and metastasis; therefore, reducing lactate production by inhibiting LDH is considered an optimal strategy to tackle cancer. Additionally, dysregulation of LDH activity is correlated with other pathologies, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases as well as primary hyperoxaluria, fibrosis and cryptosporidiosis. Hence, LDH inhibitors could serve as potential therapeutics for treating these pathological conditions.This review covers patents published since 2014 up to the present in the Espacenet database, concerning LDH inhibitors and their potential therapeutic applications.Over the past 10 years, different compounds have been identified as LDH inhibitors. Some of them are derived from the chemical optimization of already known LDH inhibitors (e.g. pyrazolyl derivatives, quinoline 3-sulfonamides), while others belong to newly identified chemical classes of LDH inhibitors. LDH inhibition has proven to be a promising therapeutic strategy not only for preventing human pathologies, but also for treating animal diseases. The published patents from both academia and the pharmaceutical industry highlight the persistent high interest of the scientific community in developing efficient LDH inhibitors.